Predictors of maternal and neonatal outcomes in labors complicated by shoulder dystocia: a comparative analysis

Introduction: Studies investigating the risk factors associated with unfavorable maternal/neonatal outcomes in cases of shoulder dystocia are scarce. This study aims to uncover the predictive factors that give rise to unfavorable outcomes within the context of shoulder dystocia. Materials and methods: Medical records of pregnancies complicated by shoulder dystocia was obtained between 2008–2022 from a single tertiary center. This study involved the comparison of sociodemographic, sonographic, and delivery characteristics among pregnancies complicated by shoulder dystocia resulting in favorable vs. unfavorable maternal/neonatal outcomes. Results: A total of 275 pregnancies were analyzed, with 111 (40.3%) classified as unfavorable outcomes and 164 (59.7%) as favorable outcomes. Employing a multivariable regression analysis, several independent associations were identified with unfavorable maternal/neonatal outcomes. Specifically, short maternal stature, pre-gestational diabetes, vacuum extraction, Wood’s screw maneuver, and macrosomia merged as significant predictors of unfavorable maternal/neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Short maternal stature, pre-gestational diabetes, vacuum extraction, Wood’s screw maneuver, and macrosomia may all contribute to poor maternal/neonatal outcomes in shoulder dystocia cases. This knowledge allows clinicians to improve their decision-making, patient care, and counseling.