@article{fde1205f56084d7a972f0a03f8a6a0c5,
title = "Precocious albion: A new interpretation of the British Industrial revolution",
abstract = "Many explanations have been offered for the British Industrial Revolution. This article points to the importance of human capital (broadly defined) and the quality of the British labor force on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. It shows that in terms of both physical quality and mechanical skills, British workers around 1750 were at a much higher level than their continental counterparts. As a result, new inventions-no matter where they originated-were adopted earlier, faster, and on a larger scale in Britain than elsewhere. The gap in labor quality is consistent with the higher wages paid in eighteenth-century Britain. The causes for the higher labor quality are explored and found to be associated with a higher level of nutrition and better institutions, especially Englands Poor Law and the superior functioning of its apprenticeship system.",
keywords = "economic growth, human capital, income distribution, skills, technological change",
author = "Morgan Kelly and Joel Mokyr and Gr{\'a}da, {Cormac {\'O}}",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to the members of the {\textquoteleft}Real-time{\textquoteright} Monitoring of Under-Five Mortality (RMM) working group (in alphabetical order): Kenneth Hill, Gareth Jones, Olga Joos, Aklilu Kidanu, Alain Koffi, Mercy Kanyuka, Larry Mouton, Lois Park, Hamadoun Sangho, Emily Wilson. Their contributions to the design and implementation of this research reported in this article were critical. We thank the community health workers, RMM district coordinators, district health officers and environmental health officers in Balaka and Salima, Malawi, Oromia region of Ethiopia, and Niono and Baroueli, Mali who participated in the project. We also thank our collaborators at partner institutions at country level, in particular, Tiope Mleme, Jameson Ndwala, Willie Kachaka, Roberta Makoko (Malawi National Statistics Office), Mariam Traor{\'e}, Ibrahim Terera, Haoua Keita, Assa Keita, and M Diakit{\'e} (CREDOS, Mali), and Nolawi Tadesse (Miz Hasab Research Center, Ethiopia). We are also grateful to the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development for their generous financial support of the Real time Results Tracking project. Funding Information: Funding: This study was funded by a grant from the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development under the Catalytic Initiative to Save a Million Lives to the Institute of International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. In Malawi and Ethiopia, the RMM work benefitted from the joint presence of broader evaluations supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF).",
year = "2014",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1146/annurev-economics-080213-041042",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "6",
pages = "363--389",
journal = "Annual Review of Economics",
issn = "1941-1383",
publisher = "Annual Reviews Inc.",
}