Posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic distress: A longitudinal study

Sharon Dekel*, Tsachi Ein-Dor, Zahava Solomon

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

245 Scopus citations

Abstract

This longitudinal study examined the course and bidirectional relation between posttraumatic distress and posttraumatic growth (PTG). A sample of Israeli ex-prisoners of war and matched controls were followed over 17 years. Participants' posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms were measured at three time-points. PTG was assessed twice. Applying an autoregressive cross-lagged modeling strategy, initial PTSD predicted subsequent PTG above and beyond PTG stability, but not vice versa. Cross-lagged relations of PTG to depression and anxiety were not significant. Moreover, analysis of PTG trajectory revealed that individuals with PTSD reported higher PTG levels across times than those without PTSD. Thus, growth is facilitated and maintained by endorsement rather than absence of PTSD. The findings are discussed in the context of the illusionary versus adaptive notion of PTG.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)94-101
Number of pages8
JournalPsychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
Volume4
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2012

Keywords

  • longitudinal study
  • positive illusion
  • posttraumatic distress
  • posttraumatic growth
  • posttraumatic stress disorder

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