TY - JOUR
T1 - Post covid-19 syndrome in patients with asymptomatic/mild form
AU - Malkova, Anna
AU - Kudryavtsev, Igor
AU - Starshinova, Anna
AU - Kudlay, Dmitry
AU - Zinchenko, Yulia
AU - Glushkova, Anzhela
AU - Yablonskiy, Piotr
AU - Shoenfeld, Yehuda
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - Post COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is a complex of various symptoms developing a month or more after the acute phase of the disease. The cases of PCS development among patients with asymptomatic/mild forms are frequently reported; however, the pathogenesis of PCS in this group of patients is still not completely clear. The publications about COVID-19 which were published in online databases from December 2019 to September 2021 are analyzed in this review. According to the analysis, PCS develops on average in 30–60% of patients, mainly among women. Fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, and anosmia were reported as the most common symptoms. The possible association between the described PCS symptoms and brain damage was revealed. We assume the possibility of an alternative course of COVID-19, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals with a stronger immune response, in which it predominantly affects the cells of the nervous system, possibly with the presence of an autoimmune component, which might have similarity with chronic fatigue syndrome or autoimmune disautonomia. Thus, the gender (female) and the presence of anosmia during an asymptomatic or mild course of the disease can be predictive factors for the development of PCS, which can be caused by autoimmune damage to neurons, glia, and cerebral vessels.
AB - Post COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is a complex of various symptoms developing a month or more after the acute phase of the disease. The cases of PCS development among patients with asymptomatic/mild forms are frequently reported; however, the pathogenesis of PCS in this group of patients is still not completely clear. The publications about COVID-19 which were published in online databases from December 2019 to September 2021 are analyzed in this review. According to the analysis, PCS develops on average in 30–60% of patients, mainly among women. Fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, and anosmia were reported as the most common symptoms. The possible association between the described PCS symptoms and brain damage was revealed. We assume the possibility of an alternative course of COVID-19, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals with a stronger immune response, in which it predominantly affects the cells of the nervous system, possibly with the presence of an autoimmune component, which might have similarity with chronic fatigue syndrome or autoimmune disautonomia. Thus, the gender (female) and the presence of anosmia during an asymptomatic or mild course of the disease can be predictive factors for the development of PCS, which can be caused by autoimmune damage to neurons, glia, and cerebral vessels.
KW - Anosmia
KW - Asymptomatic
KW - Autoimmune
KW - Autoimmune dysautonomia
KW - COVID-19
KW - Fatigue
KW - Mild
KW - Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
KW - Post COVID-19 Syndrome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118700386&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/pathogens10111408
DO - 10.3390/pathogens10111408
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C2 - 34832564
AN - SCOPUS:85118700386
SN - 2076-0817
VL - 10
JO - Pathogens
JF - Pathogens
IS - 11
M1 - 1408
ER -