Output-compressing randomized encodings and applications

Huijia Lin*, Rafael Pass, Karn Seth, Sidharth Telang

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

24 Scopus citations

Abstract

We consider randomized encodings (RE) that enable encoding a Turing machine Π and input x into its “randomized encoding” Π(x) in sublinear, or even polylogarithmic, time in the running-time of Π(x), independent of its output length. We refer to the former as sublinear RE and the latter as compact RE. For such efficient RE, the standard simulation-based notion of security is impossible, and we thus consider a weaker (distributional) indistinguishability-based notion of security: Roughly speaking, we require indistinguishability of Π0(x0) and Π0(x1) as long as Π0,x0 and Π1,x1 are sampled from some distributions such that Π0(x0),Time(Π0(x0)) and Π1(x1),Time(Π1(x1)) are indistinguishable. We show the following: Impossibility in the Plain Model: Assuming the existence of subexponentially secure one-way functions, subexponentially-secure sublinear RE does not exists. (If additionally assuming subexponentially-secure iO for circuits we can also rule out polynomially-secure sublinear RE.) As a consequence, we rule out also puncturable iO for Turing machines (even those without inputs). Feasibility in the CRS model and Applications to iO for circuits: Subexponentially-secure sublinear RE in the CRS model and one-way functions imply iO for circuits through a simple construction generalizing GGM’s PRF construction. Additionally, any compact (even with sublinear compactness) functional encryption essentially directly yields a sublinear RE in the CRS model, and as such we get an alternative, modular, and simpler proof of the results of [AJ15, BV15] showing that subexponentially-secure sublinearly compact FE implies iO. We further show other ways of instantiating sublinear RE in the CRS model (and thus also iO): under the subexponential LWE assumption, it suffices to have a subexponentially secure FE schemes with just sublinear ciphertext (as opposed to having sublinear encryption time). Applications to iO for Unbounded-input Turing machines: Subexponentially-secure compact RE for natural restricted classes of distributions over programs and inputs (which are not ruled out by our impossibility result, and for which we can give candidate constructions) imply iO for unbounded-input Turing machines. This yields the first construction of iO for unbounded-input Turing machines that does not rely on (public-coin) differing-input obfuscation.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationTheory of Cryptography - 13th International Conference, TCC 2016-A, Proceedings
EditorsEyal Kushilevitz, Tal Malkin
PublisherSpringer Verlag
Pages96-124
Number of pages29
ISBN (Print)9783662490952
DOIs
StatePublished - 2016
Externally publishedYes
Event13th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2016 - Tel Aviv, Israel
Duration: 10 Jan 201613 Jan 2016

Publication series

NameLecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume9562
ISSN (Print)0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)1611-3349

Conference

Conference13th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2016
Country/TerritoryIsrael
CityTel Aviv
Period10/01/1613/01/16

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