OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First Spitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary

Y. H. Ryu; J. C. Yee; A. Udalski; I. A. Bond; Y. Shvartzvald; W. Zang; R. Figuera Jaimes; U. G. Jorgensen; W. Zhu; C. X. Huang; Y. K. Jung; M. D. Albrow; S. J. Chung; A. Gould; C. Han; K. H. Hwang; I. G. Shin; S. M. Cha; D. J. Kim; H. W. Kim; S. L. Kim; C. U. Lee; D. J. Lee; Y. Lee; B. G. Park; R. W. Pogge; S. Calchi Novati; S. Carey; C. B. Henderson; C. Beichman; B. S. Gaudi; P. Mróz; R. Poleski; J. Skowron; M. K. Szymański; I. Soszyński; S. Kozłowski; P. Pietrukowicz; K. Ulaczyk; M. Pawlak; F. Abe; Y. Asakura; R. Barry; D. P. Bennett; A. Bhattacharya; M. Donachie; P. Evans; A. Fukui; Y. Hirao; Y. Itow; K. Kawasaki; N. Koshimoto; M. C.A. Li; C. H. Ling; K. Masuda; Y. Matsubara; S. Miyazaki; Y. Muraki; M. Nagakane; K. Ohnishi; C. Ranc; N. J. Rattenbury; To Saito; A. Sharan; D. J. Sullivan; T. Sumi; D. Suzuki; P. J. Tristram; T. Yamada; T. Yamada; A. Yonehara; G. Bryden; S. B. Howell; S. Jacklin; M. T. Penny; S. Mao; Pascal Fouqué; T. Wang; R. A. Street; Y. Tsapras; M. Hundertmark; E. Bachelet; M. Dominik; Z. Li; S. Cross; A. Cassan; K. Horne; R. Schmidt; J. Wambsganss; S. K. Ment; D. Maoz; C. Snodgrass; I. A. Steele; V. Bozza; M. J. Burgdorf; S. Ciceri; G. D'Ago; D. F. Evans; T. C. Hinse; E. Kerins; R. Kokotanekova; P. Longa; J. MacKenzie; A. Popovas; M. Rabus; S. Rahvar; S. Sajadian; J. Skottfelt; J. Southworth; C. Von Essen

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First Spitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary

Y. H. Ryu, J. C. Yee, A. Udalski, I. A. Bond, Y. Shvartzvald, W. Zang, R. Figuera Jaimes, U. G. Jorgensen, W. Zhu, C. X. Huang, Y. K. Jung, M. D. Albrow, S. J. Chung, A. Gould, C. Han, K. H. Hwang, I. G. Shin, S. M. Cha, D. J. Kim, H. W. KimS. L. Kim, C. U. Lee, D. J. Lee, Y. Lee, B. G. Park, R. W. Pogge, S. Calchi Novati, S. Carey, C. B. Henderson, C. Beichman, B. S. Gaudi, P. Mróz, R. Poleski, J. Skowron, M. K. Szymański, I. Soszyński, S. Kozłowski, P. Pietrukowicz, K. Ulaczyk, M. Pawlak, F. Abe, Y. Asakura, R. Barry, D. P. Bennett, A. Bhattacharya, M. Donachie, P. Evans, A. Fukui, Y. Hirao, Y. Itow, K. Kawasaki, N. Koshimoto, M. C.A. Li, C. H. Ling, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, S. Miyazaki, Y. Muraki, M. Nagakane, K. Ohnishi, C. Ranc, N. J. Rattenbury, To Saito, A. Sharan, D. J. Sullivan, T. Sumi, D. Suzuki, P. J. Tristram, T. Yamada, T. Yamada, A. Yonehara, G. Bryden, S. B. Howell, S. Jacklin, M. T. Penny, S. Mao, Pascal Fouqué, T. Wang, R. A. Street, Y. Tsapras, M. Hundertmark, E. Bachelet, M. Dominik, Z. Li, S. Cross, A. Cassan, K. Horne, R. Schmidt, J. Wambsganss, S. K. Ment, D. Maoz, C. Snodgrass, I. A. Steele, V. Bozza, M. J. Burgdorf, S. Ciceri, G. D'Ago, D. F. Evans, T. C. Hinse, E. Kerins, R. Kokotanekova, P. Longa, J. MacKenzie, A. Popovas, M. Rabus, S. Rahvar, S. Sajadian, J. Skottfelt, J. Southworth, C. Von Essen

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

35 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the Galactic bulge/bar, an assignation that can be confirmed by two epochs of high-resolution imaging of the combined source-lens baseline object. The planet's mass, M_p = 13.4 ± 0.9 M_J, places it right at the deuterium-burning limit, i.e., the conventional boundary between "planets" and "brown dwarfs." Its existence raises the question of whether such objects are really "planets" (formed within the disks of their hosts) or "failed stars" (low-mass objects formed by gas fragmentation). This question may ultimately be addressed by comparing disk and bulge/bar planets, which is a goal of the Spitzer microlens program. The host is a G dwarf, M _host = 0.89 ± 0.07 M _o, and the planet has a semimajor axis a ∼ 2.0 au. We use Kepler K2 Campaign 9 microlensing data to break the lens-mass degeneracy that generically impacts parallax solutions from Earth-Spitzer observations alone, which is the first successful application of this approach. The microlensing data, derived primarily from near-continuous, ultradense survey observations from OGLE, MOA, and three KMTNet telescopes, contain more orbital information than for any previous microlensing planet, but not quite enough to accurately specify the full orbit. However, these data do permit the first rigorous test of microlensing orbital-motion measurements, which are typically derived from data taken over <1% of an orbital period.

Original language	English
Article number	40
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	155
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4
State	Published - Jan 2018

Funding

Funders	Funder number
Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK
USRA
Universities Space Research Association
National Science Foundation	1516842, 1500811
National Science Foundation
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jet Propulsion Laboratory	2017R1A4A101517
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
University of Arizona
NASA Exoplanet Science Institute	NNX16AC62G
NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
Science and Technology Facilities Council	INSF-95843339, ST/M001296/1
Science and Technology Facilities Council
National Natural Science Foundation of China	11333003, 11390372
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Chinese Academy of Sciences	XDB09000000
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Research Foundation of Korea
Narodowe Centrum Nauki	JSPS24253004, MAESTRO 2014/14/ A/ST9/00121, JSPS15H00781, JSPS23340064, JSPS26247023, JP16H06287
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Ministry of Finance
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Keywords

gravitational lensing: micro

Access to Document

10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4

Cite this

Ryu, Y. H., Yee, J. C., Udalski, A., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Zang, W., Figuera Jaimes, R., Jorgensen, U. G., Zhu, W., Huang, C. X., Jung, Y. K., Albrow, M. D., Chung, S. J., Gould, A., Han, C., Hwang, K. H., Shin, I. G., Cha, S. M., Kim, D. J., ... Von Essen, C. (2018). OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First Spitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary. Astronomical Journal, 155(1), Article 40. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4

@article{3a923b7374c74c58b6ef37d0d205f23a,

title = "OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First Spitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary",

abstract = "We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the Galactic bulge/bar, an assignation that can be confirmed by two epochs of high-resolution imaging of the combined source-lens baseline object. The planet's mass, Mp = 13.4 ± 0.9 MJ, places it right at the deuterium-burning limit, i.e., the conventional boundary between {"}planets{"} and {"}brown dwarfs.{"} Its existence raises the question of whether such objects are really {"}planets{"} (formed within the disks of their hosts) or {"}failed stars{"} (low-mass objects formed by gas fragmentation). This question may ultimately be addressed by comparing disk and bulge/bar planets, which is a goal of the Spitzer microlens program. The host is a G dwarf, M host = 0.89 ± 0.07 M o, and the planet has a semimajor axis a ∼ 2.0 au. We use Kepler K2 Campaign 9 microlensing data to break the lens-mass degeneracy that generically impacts parallax solutions from Earth-Spitzer observations alone, which is the first successful application of this approach. The microlensing data, derived primarily from near-continuous, ultradense survey observations from OGLE, MOA, and three KMTNet telescopes, contain more orbital information than for any previous microlensing planet, but not quite enough to accurately specify the full orbit. However, these data do permit the first rigorous test of microlensing orbital-motion measurements, which are typically derived from data taken over <1% of an orbital period.",

keywords = "gravitational lensing: micro",

author = "Ryu, {Y. H.} and Yee, {J. C.} and A. Udalski and Bond, {I. A.} and Y. Shvartzvald and W. Zang and {Figuera Jaimes}, R. and Jorgensen, {U. G.} and W. Zhu and Huang, {C. X.} and Jung, {Y. K.} and Albrow, {M. D.} and Chung, {S. J.} and A. Gould and C. Han and Hwang, {K. H.} and Shin, {I. G.} and Cha, {S. M.} and Kim, {D. J.} and Kim, {H. W.} and Kim, {S. L.} and Lee, {C. U.} and Lee, {D. J.} and Y. Lee and Park, {B. G.} and Pogge, {R. W.} and {Calchi Novati}, S. and S. Carey and Henderson, {C. B.} and C. Beichman and Gaudi, {B. S.} and P. Mr{\'o}z and R. Poleski and J. Skowron and Szyma{\'n}ski, {M. K.} and I. Soszy{\'n}ski and S. Koz{\l}owski and P. Pietrukowicz and K. Ulaczyk and M. Pawlak and F. Abe and Y. Asakura and R. Barry and Bennett, {D. P.} and A. Bhattacharya and M. Donachie and P. Evans and A. Fukui and Y. Hirao and Y. Itow and K. Kawasaki and N. Koshimoto and Li, {M. C.A.} and Ling, {C. H.} and K. Masuda and Y. Matsubara and S. Miyazaki and Y. Muraki and M. Nagakane and K. Ohnishi and C. Ranc and Rattenbury, {N. J.} and To Saito and A. Sharan and Sullivan, {D. J.} and T. Sumi and D. Suzuki and Tristram, {P. J.} and T. Yamada and T. Yamada and A. Yonehara and G. Bryden and Howell, {S. B.} and S. Jacklin and Penny, {M. T.} and S. Mao and Pascal Fouqu{\'e} and T. Wang and Street, {R. A.} and Y. Tsapras and M. Hundertmark and E. Bachelet and M. Dominik and Z. Li and S. Cross and A. Cassan and K. Horne and R. Schmidt and J. Wambsganss and Ment, {S. K.} and D. Maoz and C. Snodgrass and Steele, {I. A.} and V. Bozza and Burgdorf, {M. J.} and S. Ciceri and G. D'Ago and Evans, {D. F.} and Hinse, {T. C.} and E. Kerins and R. Kokotanekova and P. Longa and J. MacKenzie and A. Popovas and M. Rabus and S. Rahvar and S. Sajadian and J. Skottfelt and J. Southworth and {Von Essen}, C.",

year = "2018",

month = jan,

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "155",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

Ryu, YH, Yee, JC, Udalski, A, Bond, IA, Shvartzvald, Y, Zang, W, Figuera Jaimes, R, Jorgensen, UG, Zhu, W, Huang, CX, Jung, YK, Albrow, MD, Chung, SJ, Gould, A, Han, C, Hwang, KH, Shin, IG, Cha, SM, Kim, DJ, Kim, HW, Kim, SL, Lee, CU, Lee, DJ, Lee, Y, Park, BG, Pogge, RW, Calchi Novati, S, Carey, S, Henderson, CB, Beichman, C, Gaudi, BS, Mróz, P, Poleski, R, Skowron, J, Szymański, MK, Soszyński, I, Kozłowski, S, Pietrukowicz, P, Ulaczyk, K, Pawlak, M, Abe, F, Asakura, Y, Barry, R, Bennett, DP, Bhattacharya, A, Donachie, M, Evans, P, Fukui, A, Hirao, Y, Itow, Y, Kawasaki, K, Koshimoto, N, Li, MCA, Ling, CH, Masuda, K, Matsubara, Y, Miyazaki, S, Muraki, Y, Nagakane, M, Ohnishi, K, Ranc, C, Rattenbury, NJ, Saito, T, Sharan, A, Sullivan, DJ, Sumi, T, Suzuki, D, Tristram, PJ, Yamada, T, Yamada, T, Yonehara, A, Bryden, G, Howell, SB, Jacklin, S, Penny, MT, Mao, S, Fouqué, P, Wang, T, Street, RA, Tsapras, Y, Hundertmark, M, Bachelet, E, Dominik, M, Li, Z, Cross, S, Cassan, A, Horne, K, Schmidt, R, Wambsganss, J, Ment, SK, Maoz, D, Snodgrass, C, Steele, IA, Bozza, V, Burgdorf, MJ, Ciceri, S, D'Ago, G, Evans, DF, Hinse, TC, Kerins, E, Kokotanekova, R, Longa, P, MacKenzie, J, Popovas, A, Rabus, M, Rahvar, S, Sajadian, S, Skottfelt, J, Southworth, J & Von Essen, C 2018, 'OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First Spitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary', Astronomical Journal, vol. 155, no. 1, 40. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4

TY - JOUR

T1 - OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb

T2 - The First Spitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary

AU - Ryu, Y. H.

AU - Yee, J. C.

AU - Udalski, A.

AU - Bond, I. A.

AU - Shvartzvald, Y.

AU - Zang, W.

AU - Figuera Jaimes, R.

AU - Jorgensen, U. G.

AU - Zhu, W.

AU - Huang, C. X.

AU - Jung, Y. K.

AU - Albrow, M. D.

AU - Chung, S. J.

AU - Gould, A.

AU - Han, C.

AU - Hwang, K. H.

AU - Shin, I. G.

AU - Cha, S. M.

AU - Kim, D. J.

AU - Kim, H. W.

AU - Kim, S. L.

AU - Lee, C. U.

AU - Lee, D. J.

AU - Lee, Y.

AU - Park, B. G.

AU - Pogge, R. W.

AU - Calchi Novati, S.

AU - Carey, S.

AU - Henderson, C. B.

AU - Beichman, C.

AU - Gaudi, B. S.

AU - Mróz, P.

AU - Poleski, R.

AU - Skowron, J.

AU - Szymański, M. K.

AU - Soszyński, I.

AU - Kozłowski, S.

AU - Pietrukowicz, P.

AU - Ulaczyk, K.

AU - Pawlak, M.

AU - Abe, F.

AU - Asakura, Y.

AU - Barry, R.

AU - Bennett, D. P.

AU - Bhattacharya, A.

AU - Donachie, M.

AU - Evans, P.

AU - Fukui, A.

AU - Hirao, Y.

AU - Itow, Y.

AU - Kawasaki, K.

AU - Koshimoto, N.

AU - Li, M. C.A.

AU - Ling, C. H.

AU - Masuda, K.

AU - Matsubara, Y.

AU - Miyazaki, S.

AU - Muraki, Y.

AU - Nagakane, M.

AU - Ohnishi, K.

AU - Ranc, C.

AU - Rattenbury, N. J.

AU - Saito, To

AU - Sharan, A.

AU - Sullivan, D. J.

AU - Sumi, T.

AU - Suzuki, D.

AU - Tristram, P. J.

AU - Yamada, T.

AU - Yonehara, A.

AU - Bryden, G.

AU - Howell, S. B.

AU - Jacklin, S.

AU - Penny, M. T.

AU - Mao, S.

AU - Fouqué, Pascal

AU - Wang, T.

AU - Street, R. A.

AU - Tsapras, Y.

AU - Hundertmark, M.

AU - Bachelet, E.

AU - Dominik, M.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Cross, S.

AU - Cassan, A.

AU - Horne, K.

AU - Schmidt, R.

AU - Wambsganss, J.

AU - Ment, S. K.

AU - Maoz, D.

AU - Snodgrass, C.

AU - Steele, I. A.

AU - Bozza, V.

AU - Burgdorf, M. J.

AU - Ciceri, S.

AU - D'Ago, G.

AU - Evans, D. F.

AU - Hinse, T. C.

AU - Kerins, E.

AU - Kokotanekova, R.

AU - Longa, P.

AU - MacKenzie, J.

AU - Popovas, A.

AU - Rabus, M.

AU - Rahvar, S.

AU - Sajadian, S.

AU - Skottfelt, J.

AU - Southworth, J.

AU - Von Essen, C.

PY - 2018/1

Y1 - 2018/1

N2 - We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the Galactic bulge/bar, an assignation that can be confirmed by two epochs of high-resolution imaging of the combined source-lens baseline object. The planet's mass, Mp = 13.4 ± 0.9 MJ, places it right at the deuterium-burning limit, i.e., the conventional boundary between "planets" and "brown dwarfs." Its existence raises the question of whether such objects are really "planets" (formed within the disks of their hosts) or "failed stars" (low-mass objects formed by gas fragmentation). This question may ultimately be addressed by comparing disk and bulge/bar planets, which is a goal of the Spitzer microlens program. The host is a G dwarf, M host = 0.89 ± 0.07 M o, and the planet has a semimajor axis a ∼ 2.0 au. We use Kepler K2 Campaign 9 microlensing data to break the lens-mass degeneracy that generically impacts parallax solutions from Earth-Spitzer observations alone, which is the first successful application of this approach. The microlensing data, derived primarily from near-continuous, ultradense survey observations from OGLE, MOA, and three KMTNet telescopes, contain more orbital information than for any previous microlensing planet, but not quite enough to accurately specify the full orbit. However, these data do permit the first rigorous test of microlensing orbital-motion measurements, which are typically derived from data taken over <1% of an orbital period.

AB - We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the Galactic bulge/bar, an assignation that can be confirmed by two epochs of high-resolution imaging of the combined source-lens baseline object. The planet's mass, Mp = 13.4 ± 0.9 MJ, places it right at the deuterium-burning limit, i.e., the conventional boundary between "planets" and "brown dwarfs." Its existence raises the question of whether such objects are really "planets" (formed within the disks of their hosts) or "failed stars" (low-mass objects formed by gas fragmentation). This question may ultimately be addressed by comparing disk and bulge/bar planets, which is a goal of the Spitzer microlens program. The host is a G dwarf, M host = 0.89 ± 0.07 M o, and the planet has a semimajor axis a ∼ 2.0 au. We use Kepler K2 Campaign 9 microlensing data to break the lens-mass degeneracy that generically impacts parallax solutions from Earth-Spitzer observations alone, which is the first successful application of this approach. The microlensing data, derived primarily from near-continuous, ultradense survey observations from OGLE, MOA, and three KMTNet telescopes, contain more orbital information than for any previous microlensing planet, but not quite enough to accurately specify the full orbit. However, these data do permit the first rigorous test of microlensing orbital-motion measurements, which are typically derived from data taken over <1% of an orbital period.

KW - gravitational lensing: micro

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85040450847&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4

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AN - SCOPUS:85040450847

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 155

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 40

ER -

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First Spitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary

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