Observation of (Formula presented) Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at (Formula presented) with the ATLAS Detector

ATLAS Collaboration

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.142301

Observation of (Formula presented) Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at (Formula presented) with the ATLAS Detector

ATLAS Collaboration

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Top-quark pair production is observed in lead-lead ((Formula presented)) collisions at (Formula presented) at the Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS detector. The data sample was recorded in 2015 and 2018, amounting to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented). Events with exactly one electron and one muon and at least two jets are selected. Top-quark pair production is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 5.0 (4.1) standard deviations. The measured top-quark pair production cross section is (Formula presented), with a total relative uncertainty of 31%, and is consistent with theoretical predictions using a range of different nuclear parton distribution functions. The observation of this process consolidates the evidence of the existence of all quark flavors in the preequilibrium stage of the quark-gluon plasma at very high energy densities, similar to the conditions present in the early Universe.

Original language	English
Article number	142301
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	134
Issue number	14
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.142301
State	Published - 11 Apr 2025

Funding

Funders	Funder number
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
BSF-NSF
Australian Research Council
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
DRAC
CERN DOCT
La Caixa Banking Foundation
BMWFW
Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
European Union, Future Artificial Intelligence Research
Cooperative Research Centres, Australian Government Department of Industry
National Stroke Foundation
Center for Advancing Research Impact in Society
CEA-DRF
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
INFN-CNAF
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Wallenberg Foundation
ICHEP
Leverhulme Trust
Baden-Württemberg Stiftung
MVZI
PROMETEO
Neubauer Family Foundation
Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation
Generalitat de Catalunya
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Austrian Science Fund
Yerevan Physics Institute
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Forskningsrådet för hälsa, arbetsliv och välfärd
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Canarie
GridKA
Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser
European Commission
European Cooperation in Science and Technology
EU-ESF
International Council of Shopping Centers
RGC
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Institutul de Fizică Atomică
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain
National Science and Technology Council
Irish Rugby Football Union
Cantons of Bern and Geneva
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Defence Science Institute
MSTDI
MNE
Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
Royal Society
Minerva Foundation
CERN-CZ
National Research Foundation
Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki
Generalitat Valenciana
CERN
National Research Council Canada
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation
Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University
British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
UK Research and Innovation
Australian Education International, Australian Government
MICIN	PID2021-125273NB, RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2022-038164-I, RYC2020-030254-I, RYC2019-028510-I
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy	PRIMUS/21/SCI/017, CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004632
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	DFG—469666862, DFG—CR 312/5-2
European Research Council	101089007, 948254
Agence Nationale de la Recherche	ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-22-EDIR-0002, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022
European Regional Development Fund	IDIFEDER/2018/048
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación	PCI2022-135018-2
U.S. Department of Energy	ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse	KAW 2022.0358, KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447
Vetenskapsrådet	VR 2018-00482, 2021-03651, VR 2022-04683, VR 2023-03403, VR 2022-03845, 2023-04654
Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej	PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science	JP23KK0245, JP22H04944, JP22H01227, JP22KK0227
BARD	101116429
Narodowe Centrum Nauki	H2020 MSCA 945339, UMO-2024/53/N/ST2/00869, UMO-2022/47/O/ST2/00148, 2023/51/B/ST2/02507, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2023/51/B/ST2/00920, UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187, 2022/47/B/ST2/03059, UMO-2023/49/B/ST2/04085
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca	PRIN—20223N7F8K—PNRR M4.C2.1.1
DNSRC	IN2P3-CNRS
Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning	CTS 22∶2312
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China	MOST-2023YFA1609300, MOST-2023YFA1605700
Grantová Agentura České Republiky	GACR—24-11373S
IDUB AGH	9722
National Natural Science Foundation of China	NSFC—12175119, 12275265, NSFC-12075060
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico	1230987, 1230812, 1240864
North Dakota Game and Fish Department	CC-IN2P3
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung	RPG-2020-004, NIF-R1-231091, SNSF—PCEFP2_194658
The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency	J1-3010
H2020 European Research Council	ERC—101002463
Norges Forskningsråd	RCN-314472
FAIR-NextGenerationEU	PE00000013

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.142301

Cite this

@article{be9a9648411b4bac90d600ed86bb198b,

title = "Observation of (Formula presented) Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at (Formula presented) with the ATLAS Detector",

abstract = "Top-quark pair production is observed in lead-lead ((Formula presented)) collisions at (Formula presented) at the Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS detector. The data sample was recorded in 2015 and 2018, amounting to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented). Events with exactly one electron and one muon and at least two jets are selected. Top-quark pair production is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 5.0 (4.1) standard deviations. The measured top-quark pair production cross section is (Formula presented), with a total relative uncertainty of 31\%, and is consistent with theoretical predictions using a range of different nuclear parton distribution functions. The observation of this process consolidates the evidence of the existence of all quark flavors in the preequilibrium stage of the quark-gluon plasma at very high energy densities, similar to the conditions present in the early Universe.",

author = "\{ATLAS Collaboration\} and G. Aad and E. Aakvaag and B. Abbott and S. Abdelhameed and K. Abeling and Abicht, \{N. J.\} and Abidi, \{S. H.\} and M. Aboelela and A. Aboulhorma and H. Abramowicz and Y. Abulaiti and Acharya, \{B. S.\} and A. Ackermann and \{Adam Bourdarios\}, C. and L. Adamczyk and Addepalli, \{S. V.\} and Addison, \{M. J.\} and J. Adelman and A. Adiguzel and T. Adye and Affolder, \{A. A.\} and Y. Afik and Agaras, \{M. N.\} and A. Aggarwal and C. Agheorghiesei and F. Ahmadov and S. Ahuja and X. Ai and G. Aielli and A. Aikot and \{Ait Tamlihat\}, M. and C. Appelt and L. Barak and G. Bella and Y. Benhammou and Biswal, \{J. P.\} and B. Chen and B. Chen and E. Etzion and Frid, \{Y. Y.\} and S. Galantzan and O. Kuprash and Lutz, \{M. S.\} and G. Ninio and \{Pascual Dominguez\}, L. and D. Reikher and \{Salvador Salas\}, A. and A. Soffer and Tamir, \{N. M.\} and D. Vannicola",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration.",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.142301",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "134",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "14",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Observation of (Formula presented) Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at (Formula presented) with the ATLAS Detector

AU - ATLAS Collaboration

AU - Aad, G.

AU - Aakvaag, E.

AU - Abbott, B.

AU - Abdelhameed, S.

AU - Abeling, K.

AU - Abicht, N. J.

AU - Abidi, S. H.

AU - Aboelela, M.

AU - Aboulhorma, A.

AU - Abramowicz, H.

AU - Abulaiti, Y.

AU - Acharya, B. S.

AU - Ackermann, A.

AU - Adam Bourdarios, C.

AU - Adamczyk, L.

AU - Addepalli, S. V.

AU - Addison, M. J.

AU - Adelman, J.

AU - Adiguzel, A.

AU - Adye, T.

AU - Affolder, A. A.

AU - Afik, Y.

AU - Agaras, M. N.

AU - Aggarwal, A.

AU - Agheorghiesei, C.

AU - Ahmadov, F.

AU - Ahuja, S.

AU - Ai, X.

AU - Aielli, G.

AU - Aikot, A.

AU - Ait Tamlihat, M.

AU - Appelt, C.

AU - Barak, L.

AU - Bella, G.

AU - Benhammou, Y.

AU - Biswal, J. P.

AU - Chen, B.

AU - Etzion, E.

AU - Frid, Y. Y.

AU - Galantzan, S.

AU - Kuprash, O.

AU - Lutz, M. S.

AU - Ninio, G.

AU - Pascual Dominguez, L.

AU - Reikher, D.

AU - Salvador Salas, A.

AU - Soffer, A.

AU - Tamir, N. M.

AU - Vannicola, D.

PY - 2025/4/11

Y1 - 2025/4/11

N2 - Top-quark pair production is observed in lead-lead ((Formula presented)) collisions at (Formula presented) at the Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS detector. The data sample was recorded in 2015 and 2018, amounting to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented). Events with exactly one electron and one muon and at least two jets are selected. Top-quark pair production is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 5.0 (4.1) standard deviations. The measured top-quark pair production cross section is (Formula presented), with a total relative uncertainty of 31%, and is consistent with theoretical predictions using a range of different nuclear parton distribution functions. The observation of this process consolidates the evidence of the existence of all quark flavors in the preequilibrium stage of the quark-gluon plasma at very high energy densities, similar to the conditions present in the early Universe.

AB - Top-quark pair production is observed in lead-lead ((Formula presented)) collisions at (Formula presented) at the Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS detector. The data sample was recorded in 2015 and 2018, amounting to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented). Events with exactly one electron and one muon and at least two jets are selected. Top-quark pair production is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 5.0 (4.1) standard deviations. The measured top-quark pair production cross section is (Formula presented), with a total relative uncertainty of 31%, and is consistent with theoretical predictions using a range of different nuclear parton distribution functions. The observation of this process consolidates the evidence of the existence of all quark flavors in the preequilibrium stage of the quark-gluon plasma at very high energy densities, similar to the conditions present in the early Universe.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105003765541

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.142301

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.142301

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C2 - 40279599

AN - SCOPUS:105003765541

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 134

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 14

M1 - 142301

ER -

Observation of (Formula presented) Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at (Formula presented) with the ATLAS Detector

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