@article{ad9c609e751d4ff2b96b0836c11fd56e,
title = "November 2, 1994, severe storms in the southeastern Mediterranean",
abstract = "The available data archive over the Middle East is complemented with mesoscale fields from simulations for 1-2 November 1994 event of hazardous rains in the southeastern Mediterranean with the aim of exploring the mechanisms of this extraordinary phenomena. The associated severe weather was not predicted at all by the present operational models. A global/limited area modeling system is used for numerical simulation of the process. The system consists of the Florida State University (FSU) Global Spectral Model (FSUGSM) and the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) MM5 model. The accuracy of the numerical simulation is found very sensitive to the moist processes in the model. The development was a consequence of intensive non-adiabatic processes caused by northward propagation of large quantities of warm and moist tropical air. Local terrain of northeastern Africa also played a significant role in the development of a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) in the Mediterranean region on November 2, 1994. Over Israel, the system had a character of relatively large-scale trough with a narrow frontal system accompanied by rapidly developing small cyclonic vortices in the eastern Mediterranean.",
keywords = "Southeastern mediterranean, Storm, Tropical",
author = "Krichak, {Simon O.} and Marina Tsidulko and Pinhas Alpert",
note = "Funding Information: This work has been supported by the Bi-national US–Israel Foundation (BSF) Grant No. 92-00275 and the Israeli Ministry of Science Grants No. 9620-1-95 and No. 9470-1-97. Synoptic analysis of the situation has been performed with participation of B. Ziv of the Open University, Tel Aviv. The radar patterns are from Mekorot, Israel. We thank the Israel Meteorological Service for the meteorological data provided for our study. ECMWF analyses for 1200 UTC November 1, 1994, are used in the simulations. Initial processing of the data has been performed at the FSU as a part of the aforementioned BSF project. The presented MM5 simulations were performed on Cray J932 computer of the Inter University Computer Center, Israel. Additional simulation runs were performed by S. Krichak and M. Tsidulko on the Origin 2000 computer at the CINECA Computer Center, Bologna, Italy during their work on Icarus project in June–August 1998. The Icarus program is supported by the European Community. The referenced in the text SST pictures were obtained from the Integrated Global Ocean Service System (IGOSS) Internet site: http://ingrid.ldgo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.IGOSS/ ). ",
year = "2000",
doi = "10.1016/S0169-8095(99)00045-9",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "53",
pages = "45--62",
journal = "Atmospheric Research",
issn = "0169-8095",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "1-3",
}