TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel therapies for thyroid autoimmune diseases
T2 - An update
AU - Ferrari, Silvia Martina
AU - Fallahi, Poupak
AU - Elia, Giusy
AU - Ragusa, Francesca
AU - Camastra, Stefania
AU - Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria
AU - Giusti, Claudia
AU - Gonnella, Debora
AU - Ruffilli, Ilaria
AU - Shoenfeld, Yehuda
AU - Antonelli, Alessandro
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - A Th1 immune-preponderance has been shown in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (GO), in which the Th1-chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), and their (C-X-C)R3 receptor, have a crucial role. Methimazole, and corticosteroids have been shown to modulate these chemokines; several efforts have been done to modulate the autoimmune reaction with other drugs, i.e. PPAR-γ, or -α ligands, or antibodies, or small molecules directed against CXCL10, or CXCR3. Antigen-specific therapy for GD, by inducing T cell tolerance through an immunization with TSH-R peptides, has been published. Drugs targeting cytokines [anti-TNFα (Etanercept), and anti-IL-6 (Tocilizumab)], and RTX (a chimeric monoclonal antibody vs. CD20) have been used in GO, with promising results. Teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) has been investigated in a trial, showing it was very effective in GO patients. Still, more studies are needed for new therapies targeting autoimmune thyroid disorders.
AB - A Th1 immune-preponderance has been shown in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (GO), in which the Th1-chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), and their (C-X-C)R3 receptor, have a crucial role. Methimazole, and corticosteroids have been shown to modulate these chemokines; several efforts have been done to modulate the autoimmune reaction with other drugs, i.e. PPAR-γ, or -α ligands, or antibodies, or small molecules directed against CXCL10, or CXCR3. Antigen-specific therapy for GD, by inducing T cell tolerance through an immunization with TSH-R peptides, has been published. Drugs targeting cytokines [anti-TNFα (Etanercept), and anti-IL-6 (Tocilizumab)], and RTX (a chimeric monoclonal antibody vs. CD20) have been used in GO, with promising results. Teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) has been investigated in a trial, showing it was very effective in GO patients. Still, more studies are needed for new therapies targeting autoimmune thyroid disorders.
KW - antigen-specific immunotherapy
KW - autoimmune thyroid disorders
KW - corticosteroids
KW - rituximab
KW - teprotumumab
KW - tocilizumab
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076245617&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101366
DO - 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101366
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C2 - 31813786
AN - SCOPUS:85076245617
VL - 34
JO - Best Practice and Research in Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Best Practice and Research in Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
SN - 1521-690X
IS - 1
M1 - 101366
ER -
