Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis after renal transplantation: a case report and review of the literature

Stone formation in renal allografts is rare. Although infection or renal tubular acidosis can predispose to calcium deposition in a renal allograft, hyperparathyroidism is usually an accompanying factor. Parathyroidectomy is recommended as the treatment of choice when stone deposition or nephrocalcinosis occurs after transplantation. A case in a man of 40 is described which demonstrates that aggressive therapy is also necessary to eliminate calculi from the urinary system to avoid mechanical obstruction, continued infection or renal parenchymal damage.