TY - JOUR
T1 - Nano-enabled sensing of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous systems – A review
AU - Garg, Shafali
AU - Kumar, Pankaj
AU - Greene, George W.
AU - Mishra, Vandana
AU - Avisar, Dror
AU - Sharma, Radhey Shyam
AU - Dumée, Ludovic F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/4/15
Y1 - 2022/4/15
N2 - Per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of environmental contaminants used as an additive across various commodity and fire-retardant products, for their unique thermo-chemical stability, and to alter their surface properties towards selective liquid repellence. These properties also make PFAS highly persistent and mobile across various environmental compartments, leading to bioaccumulation, and causing acute ecotoxicity at all trophic levels particularly to human populations, thus increasing the need for monitoring at their repositories or usage sites. In this review, current nano-enabled methods towards PFAS sensing and its monitoring in wastewater are critically discussed and benchmarked against conventional detection methods. The discussion correlates the materials’ properties to the sensitivity, responsiveness, and reproducibility of the sensing performance for nano-enabled sensors in currently explored electrochemical, spectrophotometric, colorimetric, optical, fluorometric, and biochemical with limits of detection of 1.02 × 10−6 μg/L, 2.8 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 0.13 μg/L, 6.0 × 10−5 μg/L, and 4.141 × 10−7 μg/L respectively. The cost-effectiveness of sensing platforms plays an important role in the on-site analysis success and upscalability of nano-enabled sensors. Environmental monitoring of PFAS is a step closer to PFAS remediation. Electrochemical and biosensing methods have proven to be the most reliable tools for future PFAS sensing endeavors with very promising detection limits in an aqueous matrix, short detection times, and ease of fabrication.
AB - Per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of environmental contaminants used as an additive across various commodity and fire-retardant products, for their unique thermo-chemical stability, and to alter their surface properties towards selective liquid repellence. These properties also make PFAS highly persistent and mobile across various environmental compartments, leading to bioaccumulation, and causing acute ecotoxicity at all trophic levels particularly to human populations, thus increasing the need for monitoring at their repositories or usage sites. In this review, current nano-enabled methods towards PFAS sensing and its monitoring in wastewater are critically discussed and benchmarked against conventional detection methods. The discussion correlates the materials’ properties to the sensitivity, responsiveness, and reproducibility of the sensing performance for nano-enabled sensors in currently explored electrochemical, spectrophotometric, colorimetric, optical, fluorometric, and biochemical with limits of detection of 1.02 × 10−6 μg/L, 2.8 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 0.13 μg/L, 6.0 × 10−5 μg/L, and 4.141 × 10−7 μg/L respectively. The cost-effectiveness of sensing platforms plays an important role in the on-site analysis success and upscalability of nano-enabled sensors. Environmental monitoring of PFAS is a step closer to PFAS remediation. Electrochemical and biosensing methods have proven to be the most reliable tools for future PFAS sensing endeavors with very promising detection limits in an aqueous matrix, short detection times, and ease of fabrication.
KW - Detection
KW - Economics
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - PFOA
KW - PFOS
KW - Sensing
KW - Water monitoring
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123942807&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114655
DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114655
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C2 - 35131704
AN - SCOPUS:85123942807
SN - 0301-4797
VL - 308
JO - Journal of Environmental Management
JF - Journal of Environmental Management
M1 - 114655
ER -
