Multienzyme (3-in-1)-Mimicking a Single Nucleobase-Derived Bionanozyme for Versatile Environmental and Biomedical Applications

The quest for efficient, robust, and sustainable solutions in environmental remediation and advanced biosensing has catalyzed significant interest in biomimetic enzymology. Here, a new Bionanozyme, synthesized from a single nucleobase—adenine (A)—coordinated with copper (Cu) in a 2D crystalline structure (A-Cu), is presented. This state-of-the-art A-Cu Bionanozyme, inspired by natural redox enzymes (Laccase (LAC), Catechol oxidase (CO), and Peroxidase (POD)), is synthesized via simple and scalable, green methods including solvent-free co-grinding and natural aqueous evaporation process. A-Cu's unique structure exhibits triple-enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity, enabling it to detect and degrade toxic phenols in contaminated water and perform ultrasensitive colorimetric biosensing for key biomarkers like dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, and glutathione. Additionally, its biocompatibility and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties highlight its potential in biomedical applications. Hence, this report provides a foundational framework for developing next-generation multienzyme-mimicking Bionanozymes with the potential to enhance eco-friendly technologies in both environmental and biomedical applications.