Monitoring stimulated cycles during in vitro fertilization treatment with ultrasound only preliminary results

Objective: To evaluate if monitoring patients by ultrasound (US) only during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is safe. Design: Randomized prospective study. Intervention: Patients undergoing their first IVF treatment were randomized into two groups. The ultrasound only group (study group) was monitored by US for follicle size and endometrial thickness without blood tests. In this group, only one blood test was taken before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, to ensure a safe level of estradiol (E2) regarding ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) risk. The control group was monitored by ultrasound plus serum estradiol and progesterone concentration at each visit. Main outcome measure: Clinical pregnancy rate. Results: No differences were found between the groups in the parameters of IVF treatment, induction days, number of ampoules, E2 level of hCG, as well as embryo quality. The clinical pregnancy rate was not statistically different between the groups, 57.5% vs. 40.0%, respectively (p0.25). No OHSS cases were found among the study or control groups. Conclusion: Ultrasound as a single monitoring tool for IVF cycles is reliable, safe, patient friendly, and reduces treatment expenses. In an era of cost effectiveness awareness, this regimen should be considered for routine management in IVF programs.