Mitochondrial complex I as a novel target for intraneuronal DA: Modulation of respiration in intact cells

Accumulating evidence suggests a role for mitochondria in synaptic potentiation and neurotransmission as well as in morphogenesis and plasticity of spines and synapses. However, studies investigating the ability of neurotransmitters to reciprocally affect mitochondrial function are sparse. In the present study we investigated whether dopamine can affect mitochondrial function in intact neuronal cells. We have shown that short- or long-term exposure of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to dopamine (DA) inhibited mitochondrial respiration. This inhibition was associated with an increase in DA intracellular levels, and was prevented by the DA membrane transporter inhibitors, cocaine and GBR-12909. DA inhibited respiration driven through complex I but not through complexes II or III, in line with DA ability to specifically inhibit complex I activity in mitochondrial preparations. The effect of DA on complex I was not associated with altered expression of three subunits of complex I, which were formerly reported abnormal in DA-related pathologies. DA effects on respiration were not due to its ability to form reactive oxygen species. Antipsychotic drugs, which compete with DA on its receptors and inhibit complex I activity, also decreased complex I driven mitochondrial respiration. These findings may suggest that DA, which is taken up by neurons, can affect mitochondria and thereby neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Such a mechanism may be of relevance to DA-related non-degenerative pathologies such as schizophrenia.