Matter-wave solitons in the counterflow of two immiscible superfluids

F. Tsitoura*, V. Achilleos, B. A. Malomed, D. Yan, P. G. Kevrekidis, D. J. Frantzeskakis

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

We study formation of solitons induced by counterflows of immiscible superfluids. Our setting is based on a quasi-one-dimensional binary Bose-Einstein condensate, composed of two immiscible components with large and small numbers of atoms in them. Assuming that the "small" component moves with constant velocity, either by itself, or being dragged by a moving trap, and intrudes into the "large" counterpart, the following results are obtained. Depending on the velocity, and on whether the small component moves in the absence or in the presence of the trap, two-component dark-bright solitons, scalar dark solitons, or multiple dark solitons may emerge, the last outcome taking place due to breakdown of the superfluidity. We present two sets of analytical results to describe this phenomenology. In an intermediate velocity regime, where dark-bright solitons form, a reduction of the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii system to an integrable Mel'nikov system is developed, demonstrating that solitary waves of the former are very accurately described by analytically available solitons of the latter. In the high-velocity regime, where the breakdown of the superfluidity induces the formation of dark solitons and multisoliton trains, an effective single-component description, in which a strongly localized wave packet of the "small" component acts as an effective potential for the "large" one, allows us to estimate the critical velocity beyond which the coherent structures emerge in good agreement with the numerical results.

Original languageEnglish
Article number063624
JournalPhysical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Volume87
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 21 Jun 2013

Funding

FundersFunder number
Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences0806762

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