Managing information growth and integration in small organizations

This article presents an attempt to develop an integrated overall management information system (MIS) growth and integration theory for the small organization. On the basis of experience gained from the design of a pedagogical MIS (PMIS) on a national scale, the school is used as a case in point. Nolan's six-stage data processing theory is adapted and condensed into a three-stage theory that suits the small organization's unique characteristics and needs and matches the recent developments in information technology. The three-stage theory enables the small organization to enter the data resource era in a rapid, orderly manner and achieve improved performance through information integration. The three dimensions that facilitate information integration progress (i.e. EDP evolution, computerized tools, and user types) are presented, analyzed, and characterized. Guidelines for management action are enumerated.