TY - JOUR
T1 - Locomotor activity causes a rapid up-regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the rat hippocampus
AU - Eilam, Raya
AU - Davidson, Ariane
AU - Gozes, Illana
AU - Segal, Menahem
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expression is restricted to interneurons in the hippocampus of normal adult rats. However, 3-6 hours after a 60-minute walk in an activity wheel, VIP was transiently expressed in most pyramidal and granular neurons of the hippocampus. Locomotion was also associated with a dramatic increase in VIP immunoreactivity in the motor cortex, primarily in bipolar cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that VIP mRNA increases transiently by more than twofold, before the increases in peptide immunoreactivity in both the hippocampus and motor cortex. By comparison, another marker of inhibitory interneurons, glutamate decarboxylase, did not change its expression pattern after locomotion. The calcium binding protein, calbindin-D28K, normally expressed in interneurons, was now found also in glial cells of the hippocampus and motor cortex. Another marker of enhanced electrical activity, the immediate early gene, c-Fos, was expressed in pyramidal and granular neurons at 3 hours but not at 6 hours after locomotion. These results suggest that mapping of peptide expression in the brain of a docile, inactive rat may not reflect the real distribution and functions of a peptide in an active animal.
AB - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expression is restricted to interneurons in the hippocampus of normal adult rats. However, 3-6 hours after a 60-minute walk in an activity wheel, VIP was transiently expressed in most pyramidal and granular neurons of the hippocampus. Locomotion was also associated with a dramatic increase in VIP immunoreactivity in the motor cortex, primarily in bipolar cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that VIP mRNA increases transiently by more than twofold, before the increases in peptide immunoreactivity in both the hippocampus and motor cortex. By comparison, another marker of inhibitory interneurons, glutamate decarboxylase, did not change its expression pattern after locomotion. The calcium binding protein, calbindin-D28K, normally expressed in interneurons, was now found also in glial cells of the hippocampus and motor cortex. Another marker of enhanced electrical activity, the immediate early gene, c-Fos, was expressed in pyramidal and granular neurons at 3 hours but not at 6 hours after locomotion. These results suggest that mapping of peptide expression in the brain of a docile, inactive rat may not reflect the real distribution and functions of a peptide in an active animal.
KW - Calbindin-D28K
KW - GAD
KW - Hippocampus
KW - Motor cortex
KW - VIP
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032708972&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1999)9:5<534::AID-HIPO7>3.0.CO;2-R
DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1999)9:5<534::AID-HIPO7>3.0.CO;2-R
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???
AN - SCOPUS:0032708972
SN - 1050-9631
VL - 9
SP - 534
EP - 541
JO - Hippocampus
JF - Hippocampus
IS - 5
ER -