TY - JOUR
T1 - Lag time between onset of first symptom and treatment of retinoblastoma
T2 - An international collaborative study of 692 patients from 10 countries
AU - Kaliki, Swathi
AU - Ji, Xunda
AU - Zou, Yihua
AU - Rashid, Riffat
AU - Sultana, Sadia
AU - Sherief, Sadik Taju
AU - Cassoux, Nathalie
AU - Diaz Coronado, Rosdali Y.
AU - Leon, Juan Luis Garcia
AU - López, Arturo Manuel Zapata
AU - Polyakov, Vladimir G.
AU - Ushakova, Tatiana L.
AU - Roy, Soma Rani
AU - Ahmad, Alia
AU - Harby, Lamis Al
AU - Reddy, M. Ashwin
AU - Sagoo, Mandeep S.
AU - Berry, Jesse L.
AU - Kim, Jonathan
AU - Polski, Ashley
AU - Astbury, Nicholas J.
AU - Bascaran, Covadonga
AU - Blum, Sharon
AU - Bowman, Richard
AU - Burton, Matthew J.
AU - Foster, Allen
AU - Gomel, Nir
AU - Keren-Froim, Naama
AU - Madgar, Shiran
AU - Stacey, Andrew W.
AU - Steinberg, David M.
AU - Mohamed, Ashik
AU - Zondervan, Marcia
AU - Fabian, Ido Didi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/4/2
Y1 - 2021/4/2
N2 - Background: The relationship between lag time and outcomes in retinoblastoma (RB) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB) in countries based on their national-income and analyse its effect on the outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Results: The following factors were significantly different among different countries based on national-income level: age at diagnosis of RB (p = 0.001), distance from home to nearest primary healthcare centre (p = 0.03) and mean lag time between detection of first symptom to visit to RB treatment centre (p = 0.0007). After adjusting for country income, increased lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of RB was associated with higher chances of an advanced tumour at presentation (p < 0.001), higher chances of high-risk histopathology features (p = 0.003), regional lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), systemic metastasis (p < 0.001) and death (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the lag time between onset of signs and symptoms and referral to an RB treatment centre among countries based on national income resulting in significant differences in the presenting features and clinical outcomes.
AB - Background: The relationship between lag time and outcomes in retinoblastoma (RB) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB) in countries based on their national-income and analyse its effect on the outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Results: The following factors were significantly different among different countries based on national-income level: age at diagnosis of RB (p = 0.001), distance from home to nearest primary healthcare centre (p = 0.03) and mean lag time between detection of first symptom to visit to RB treatment centre (p = 0.0007). After adjusting for country income, increased lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of RB was associated with higher chances of an advanced tumour at presentation (p < 0.001), higher chances of high-risk histopathology features (p = 0.003), regional lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), systemic metastasis (p < 0.001) and death (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the lag time between onset of signs and symptoms and referral to an RB treatment centre among countries based on national income resulting in significant differences in the presenting features and clinical outcomes.
KW - Eye
KW - Lag time
KW - National income level
KW - Retinoblastoma
KW - Tumour
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104421435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cancers13081956
DO - 10.3390/cancers13081956
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C2 - 33921566
AN - SCOPUS:85104421435
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 13
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
IS - 8
M1 - 1956
ER -
