TY - JOUR
T1 - JUDGING UNDER PUBLIC PRESSURE
AU - Cohen, Alma
AU - Neeman, Zvika
AU - Auferoth, Florian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for “subjective decisions” with respect to which the judge has more discretion but not for “objective decisions.” The bias is strengthened after a judge’s error against the crowd and when errors are costlier to the crowd. We use data about referees’ decisions and errors from the Bundesliga. We exploit three regimes where, due to the introduction of Video Assistance Refereeing (VAR) and COVID-19, both crowd pressure and the likelihood of errors vary.
AB - We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for “subjective decisions” with respect to which the judge has more discretion but not for “objective decisions.” The bias is strengthened after a judge’s error against the crowd and when errors are costlier to the crowd. We use data about referees’ decisions and errors from the Bundesliga. We exploit three regimes where, due to the introduction of Video Assistance Refereeing (VAR) and COVID-19, both crowd pressure and the likelihood of errors vary.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183043497&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1162/rest_a_01141
DO - 10.1162/rest_a_01141
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AN - SCOPUS:85183043497
SN - 0034-6535
VL - 106
SP - 151
EP - 166
JO - Review of Economics and Statistics
JF - Review of Economics and Statistics
IS - 1
ER -