Influence of extracellular magnesium on capillary endothelial cell proliferation and migration

We investigated the role of extracellular magnesium on capillary endothelial cell migration and proliferation, components of endothelial cell function that play an important role in angiogenesis and wound healing. Cell migration and proliferation were tested in six different MgSO₄ concentrations and in various culture conditions. The Boyden chamber procedure was used to evaluate migration of bovine adrenal cortex capillary endothelial cells. We found that low magnesium concentration inhibited cell migration, but a dose-dependent increase in migration was observed when magnesium level was increased beyond the normal serum concentration (up to 2.4 mM magnesium; p < 0.0001). Cell-proliferation was also inhibited by very low magnesium concentration, an effect observed under all conditions studied. When cell proliferation was stimulated by acidic or basic fibroblast growth factors, it appeared that a ceiling was reached, as increasing magnesium concentration had no additional stimulatory effect. However, a dose-dependent increase in proliferation (p < 0.005) was observed when magnesium concentration was increased above the normal serum level (0.8 mM) in culture conditions that did not cause marked cell proliferation. Thus, magnesium has an important role in endothelial cell migration and proliferation: very low extracellular magnesium concentrations inhibit and supranormal levels enhance both migration and proliferation. These results suggest that magnesium deficiency might adversely influence the healing and reendothelialization of vascular injuries and the healing of myocardial infarction and might also result in delayed or inadequate angiogenesis, effects potentially leading to infarct expansion and inadequate collateral development.