Infertility following retained products of conception: Is it the surgical procedure or the presence of trophoblastic tissue?

Objective To compare the reproductive outcome of women who underwent re-evacuation of the uterine cavity due to suspected retained products of conception (RPOC) and in whom trophoblastic tissue was confirmed by histopathologic examination to those with negative pathologic findings. Study design We retrospectively reviewed all cases of women who underwent uterine re-evacuation due to suspected RPOC between January 2000 and December 2010. Reproductive outcomes were compared between women in whom trophoblastic tissue was confirmed by histopathologic examination and those with negative pathologic findings. Results A total of 240 patients underwent uterine re-evacuation due to suspected RPOC, of whom 162 (67.5%) had pathological examination positive for RPOC, and 78 (32.5%) had pathologically negative RPOC. The rate of a new infertility problem following resection of a positive pathologic finding was significantly higher compared with a negative finding (P = 0.029). The mean time to conception was significantly longer after resection of a positive pathologic finding compared with a negative finding (P < 0.001). A significantly higher rate of hypomenorrhea/amenorrhea was found following resection of a positive pathologic finding compared with a negative finding (P = 0.017). Conclusion RPOC-associated infertility is primarily related to the presence of trophoblastic tissue rather than the surgical intervention per se in the gravid uterus.