TY - JOUR
T1 - Infections and vaccines in the etiology of antiphospholipid syndrome
AU - Cruz-Tapias, Paola
AU - Blank, Miri
AU - Anaya, Juan Manuel
AU - Shoenfeld, Yehuda
PY - 2012/7
Y1 - 2012/7
N2 - Purpose of review: To present scientific evidence supporting the infectious origin for the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by molecular mimicry between pathogens, infection and vaccination with β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) molecule. Recent findings: APS is characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies against β2-GPI. The infection etiology of APS was well established. Likewise, a link between vaccination such as tetanus toxoid may trigger antibodies targeting tetanus toxoid and β2-GPI, due to molecular mimicry between the two molecules. During the years, the pathogenic potential of anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies cross reactive with β2-GPI were found to be pathogenic in animal models, inducing experimental APS. Summary: Accumulated evidence supports that the presence of anti-β2-GPI antibodies is associated with a history of infections and the main mechanism to explain this correlation is molecular mimicry. The relationship between tetanus toxoid vaccination and APS reveals a novel view on the autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA).
AB - Purpose of review: To present scientific evidence supporting the infectious origin for the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by molecular mimicry between pathogens, infection and vaccination with β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) molecule. Recent findings: APS is characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies against β2-GPI. The infection etiology of APS was well established. Likewise, a link between vaccination such as tetanus toxoid may trigger antibodies targeting tetanus toxoid and β2-GPI, due to molecular mimicry between the two molecules. During the years, the pathogenic potential of anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies cross reactive with β2-GPI were found to be pathogenic in animal models, inducing experimental APS. Summary: Accumulated evidence supports that the presence of anti-β2-GPI antibodies is associated with a history of infections and the main mechanism to explain this correlation is molecular mimicry. The relationship between tetanus toxoid vaccination and APS reveals a novel view on the autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA).
KW - antiphospholipid syndrome
KW - tetanus toxoid
KW - β2-glycoprotein I
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84862149521&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32835448b8
DO - 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32835448b8
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C2 - 22617823
AN - SCOPUS:84862149521
SN - 1040-8711
VL - 24
SP - 389
EP - 393
JO - Current Opinion in Rheumatology
JF - Current Opinion in Rheumatology
IS - 4
ER -