TY - JOUR
T1 - Individual olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information
AU - Secundoa, Lavi
AU - Snitz, Kobi
AU - Weissler, Kineret
AU - Pinchover, Liron
AU - Shoenfeld, Yehuda
AU - Loewenthal, Ron
AU - Agmon-Levin, Nancy
AU - Frumin, Idan
AU - Bar-Zvi, Dana
AU - Shushan, Sagit
AU - Sobel, Noam
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/7/14
Y1 - 2015/7/14
N2 - Each person expresses a potentially unique subset of ∼400 different olfactory receptor subtypes. Given that the receptors we express partially determine the odors we smell, it follows that each person may have a unique nose; to capture this, we devised a sensitive test of olfactory perception we termed the "olfactory fingerprint." Olfactory fingerprints relied on matrices of perceived odorant similarity derived from applied to the odorants. We initially finger-printed 89 individuals using 28 odors and 54 . We found that each person had a unique olfactory fingerprint (P < 10-10), which was odor specific but independent. We could identify individuals from this pool using randomly selected sets of 7 odors and 11 alone. Extrapolating from this data, we determined that using 34 odors and 35 we could individually identify each of the 7 billion people on earth. Olfactory perception, however, fluctuates over time, calling into question our proposed perceptual readout of presumably stable genetic makeup. To test whether fingerprints remain informative despite this temporal fluctuation, building on the linkage between olfactory receptors and HLA, we hypothesized that olfactory perception may relate to HLA. We obtained olfactory fingerprints and HLA typing for 130 individuals, and found that olfactory fingerprint matching using only four odorants was significantly related to HLA matching (P < 10-4), such that olfactory fingerprints can save 32% of HLA tests in a population screen (P < 10-6). In conclusion, a precise measure of olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information.
AB - Each person expresses a potentially unique subset of ∼400 different olfactory receptor subtypes. Given that the receptors we express partially determine the odors we smell, it follows that each person may have a unique nose; to capture this, we devised a sensitive test of olfactory perception we termed the "olfactory fingerprint." Olfactory fingerprints relied on matrices of perceived odorant similarity derived from applied to the odorants. We initially finger-printed 89 individuals using 28 odors and 54 . We found that each person had a unique olfactory fingerprint (P < 10-10), which was odor specific but independent. We could identify individuals from this pool using randomly selected sets of 7 odors and 11 alone. Extrapolating from this data, we determined that using 34 odors and 35 we could individually identify each of the 7 billion people on earth. Olfactory perception, however, fluctuates over time, calling into question our proposed perceptual readout of presumably stable genetic makeup. To test whether fingerprints remain informative despite this temporal fluctuation, building on the linkage between olfactory receptors and HLA, we hypothesized that olfactory perception may relate to HLA. We obtained olfactory fingerprints and HLA typing for 130 individuals, and found that olfactory fingerprint matching using only four odorants was significantly related to HLA matching (P < 10-4), such that olfactory fingerprints can save 32% of HLA tests in a population screen (P < 10-6). In conclusion, a precise measure of olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information.
KW - Autoimmunity
KW - HLA
KW - MHC
KW - Olfactory genetics
KW - Olfactory perception
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84937242917&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1424826112
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1424826112
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AN - SCOPUS:84937242917
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 112
SP - 8750
EP - 8755
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 28
ER -