Incentive generating state dependent penalty system. The case of income tax evasion

Penalty systems can very often be looked upon as corrective measures established in order to eliminate or reduce costly externalities generated by optimizing economic agents. Hence, penalties can be viewed as regulatory measures and their efficient structure should be of interest to economists. We propose a dynamic incentive generating penalty system which, if instituted, may reduce, at a given cost, the generation of undesirable externalities. The special case to which we refer is income tax evasion, although our scheme should be applicable to any kind of externalities, such as pollution of the environment, violation of antirust laws and others which are created by repititive actions of economic agents.