Improvement in Helicobacter pylori Eradication Among Adults Receiving Semaglutide: A Population-Based Propensity-Score-Adjusted Analysis

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists delay gastric emptying and are used for the treatment of diabetes (DM) and obesity. Successful treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection depends upon a precise dosing schedule. We aimed to examine the impact of GLP-1 drugs on antibiotic treatment for H. pylori. Methods: Adults with a new diagnosis of H. pylori infection who received treatment between 2014 and 2023 were identified in the Clalit Health Services database. Subjects were divided into groups based on diagnoses of DM and obesity, and exposure to GLP-1 drugs. A 1:2 propensity-score matched dataset was used to determine the effect of GLP-1 drugs on eradication success. Results: We identified 426 individuals who received, and 36,436 who did not receive GLP-1 drugs. Eradication among those who did and did not receive GLP-1 drugs was 86.6% and 83.7%, respectively (p = 0.059 across subgroups). Eradication among those who received semaglutide was 93.8% (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.32–5.83, p = 0.007). Eradication in subjects who received dulaglutide (88.6%) or liraglutide (81.4%) was not significantly changed. When applying a propensity-score-adjusted analysis, eradication remained significantly increased among individuals who received semaglutide (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.24–6.74, p = 0.014). Additional independent predictors of successful eradication included male sex, high socioeconomic status, quadruple therapy, and older age (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Co-administration of semaglutide and antibiotics for H. pylori infection is associated with an increased likelihood of successful eradication.