TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune responses to Tilapia lake virus infection
T2 - what we know and what we don’t know
AU - Kembou-Ringert, Japhette E.
AU - Steinhagen, Dieter
AU - Thompson, Kim D.
AU - Daly, Janet M.
AU - Adamek, Mikolaj
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Kembou-Ringert, Steinhagen, Thompson, Daly and Adamek.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel contagious pathogen associated with a lethal disease affecting and decimating tilapia populations on several continents across the globe. Fish viral diseases, such as Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD), represent a serious threat to tilapia aquaculture. Therefore, a better understanding of the innate immune responses involved in establishing an antiviral state can help shed light on TiLV disease pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the adaptive immune mechanisms involved in mounting protection against TiLV could greatly assist in the development of vaccination strategies aimed at controlling TiLVD. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the immune responses following TiLV infection. After describing the main pathological findings associated with TiLVD, both the innate and adaptive immune responses and mechanisms to TiLV infection are discussed, in both disease infection models and in vitro studies. In addition, our work, highlights research questions, knowledge gaps and research areas in the immunology of TiLV infection where further studies are needed to better understand how disease protection against TiLV is established.
AB - Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel contagious pathogen associated with a lethal disease affecting and decimating tilapia populations on several continents across the globe. Fish viral diseases, such as Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD), represent a serious threat to tilapia aquaculture. Therefore, a better understanding of the innate immune responses involved in establishing an antiviral state can help shed light on TiLV disease pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the adaptive immune mechanisms involved in mounting protection against TiLV could greatly assist in the development of vaccination strategies aimed at controlling TiLVD. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the immune responses following TiLV infection. After describing the main pathological findings associated with TiLVD, both the innate and adaptive immune responses and mechanisms to TiLV infection are discussed, in both disease infection models and in vitro studies. In addition, our work, highlights research questions, knowledge gaps and research areas in the immunology of TiLV infection where further studies are needed to better understand how disease protection against TiLV is established.
KW - adaptive immunity
KW - antiviral response
KW - host immune resistance
KW - immune subversion
KW - immunity
KW - innate immunity
KW - Tilapia lake virus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168687053&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240094
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240094
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C2 - 37622112
AN - SCOPUS:85168687053
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 14
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
M1 - 1240094
ER -