Hysterosalpingo-Foam Sonography for the Diagnosis of Tubal Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of hysterosalpingo-foam sonography in suspected cases of tubal occlusion. The combined sensitivity and specificity estimates were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–0.99) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.53–0.98), respectively, with positive and negative likelihood ratios of 11.5 (95% CI, 1.5–87.5) and 0.006 (95% CI, 0.0003–0.12), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 1931.008 (95% CI, 69.7–53,460.8). These findings confirm hysterosalpingo-foam sonography as a highly accurate test for the diagnosis of tubal occlusion and show that it is on a par with standard tests.