Hydantoanabaenopeptins from Lake Kinneret Microcystis Bloom, Isolation, and Structure Elucidation of the Possible Intermediates in the Anabaenopeptins Biosynthesis

Anabaenopeptins are common metabolites of cyanobacteria. In the course of reisolation of the known aeruginosins KT608A and KT608B for bioassay studies, we noticed the presence of some unknown anabaenopeptins in the extract of a Microcystis cell mass collected during the 2016 spring bloom event in Lake Kinneret, Israel. The ¹H NMR spectra of some of these compounds presented a significant difference in the appearance of the ureido bridge protons, and their molecular masses did not match any one of the 152 known anabaenopeptins. Analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and MS/MS spectra of the new compounds revealed their structures as the hydantoin derivatives of anabaenopeptins A, B, F, and ¹[Dht]-anabaenopeptin A and oscillamide Y (1, 2, 3, 6, and 4, respectively) and a new anabaenopeptin, ¹[Dht]-anabaenopeptin A (5). The known anabaenopeptins A, B, and F and oscillamide Y (7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively) were present in the extract as well. We propose that 1–4 and 6 are the possible missing intermediates in the previously proposed partial biosynthesis route to the anabaenopeptins. Compounds 1–6 were tested for inhibition of the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin and found inactive at a final concentration of ca. 54 μM.