@article{39c8d121aeac47d893ce5ce094f84a1d,
title = "How the immunoassay transformed C-peptide from a duckling into a swan",
abstract = "This edition of 'Then and now' re-examines Lise Heding's very highly cited paper 'Radioimmunological determination of human C-peptide in serum', whichwas published in Diabetologia in 1975. We show how this article and other related articles by Heding contributed to heightened respect for C-peptide (and transformation of Heding's research programme). Initially thought of as an inert discard, Cpeptide in blood is now recognised as an excellent surrogate measure of insulin secretion under a wide range of conditions. The assay is especially valuable for acute ascertainment of the insulin secretory capabilities of patients with type 1 diabetes or of transplanted beta cells. The assay is also being used to monitor endogenous beta cell loss or in vivo expansion of beta cell mass over the long term.We conclude with two promising future applications: (1) measurements of C-peptide in blood (along with insulin, glucose, and HbA1c) at annual intervals as a potential approach to earlier diagnosis of diabetes; and (2) among many recent advances in recognising properties of C-peptide (including status as a candidate hormone), most promising is C-peptide as a possible therapy for diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy.",
keywords = "C-peptide, C-peptide history, Diabetes, Diabetic nephropathy, Diabetic neuropathy, Early diagnosis of diabetes, Immunoassay, Insulin",
author = "J. Roth and I. Whitford and R. Dankner and Szulc, {A. L.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements We are indebted to JR Zierath (Karolinska Insti-tutet, Stockholm, Sweden) for inviting us to participate in the launch of the {\textquoteleft}Then and now{\textquoteright} series; to DF Steiner (University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA) for many facts and insights related to multiple aspects of the paper (including reminding us that the original name for C-peptide was proinsulin C-peptide); to MJ Brownstein (formerly from NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA) for the analogy of C-peptide and insulin to copeptin and vasopressin; to J Ludvigsson (Link{\"o}ping University, Link{\"o}ping, Sweden) for insights about Lise Heding; and to S Qureshi (North Shore-LIJ, Manhasset, NY, USA) for expert editorial assistance. We would also like to thank S Englard (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA), N Fleischer (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), H Jornvall (Karolinska Institutet), RJ Mahler (Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA), AA Sima (Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA), AJ Szabo (Lenox Hill, New York, NY, USA) and J Wahren (Karolinska Institutet). The ideas presented in the section on the proposed future use of personalised glucose (and HbA1c) and personalised insulin (and C-peptide) in the early diagnosis of diabetes represent emerging concepts based on many stimulating discussions by J Roth and R Dankner with teammates M Bergman (New York University, New York, NY, USA), A Chetrit (Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel) A Danoff (New York University), BC Hansen (University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA), N Kohn (North Shore-LIJ) and ML Lesser (North Shore-LIJ). J Roth{\textquoteright}s academic programme receives support from the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; the Russell Berrie Foundation, Teaneck, NJ; and the Alan and Tatyana Forman family.",
year = "2012",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1007/s00125-011-2421-0",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "55",
pages = "865--869",
journal = "Diabetologia",
issn = "0012-186X",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "4",
}
