TY - JOUR
T1 - Hierarchical, imbalanced pro-inflammatory cytokine networks govern the pathogenesis of chronic arthropathies
AU - Livshits, G.
AU - Kalinkovich, A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International
PY - 2018/1
Y1 - 2018/1
N2 - Background Chronic inflammatory arthropathies, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis, including psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS), osteoarthritis (OA), and intervertebral disc degenerative disease (DDD) constitute major public health problems that are anticipated to grow significantly as the human population ages. However, many aspects concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying their onset and progression remain unclear. Design This narrative review critically analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammation-associated pathogenesis of the aforementioned joint diseases. This includes, in particular, the major role played by several key soluble factors (such as cytokines and the associated signaling pathways, designated as “fragile nodes”) produced by local cells and recruited to the joints' immune cells, whose elimination by specific drugs has dramatically improved the diseases' symptomatology and outcome in human clinical trials or in rodent arthritis models. Hypothesis and the aim of this review We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory arthropathies is governed by hierarchical, imbalanced pro-inflammatory cytokine networks (HIPICNs) (comprising a combination of fragile nodes) that are created during the development of both autoimmune (RA, PsA, and AS) and non-autoimmune (OA and DDD) disorders. The main aim of this review is to provide evidence that despite substantial pathobiological differences between these arthropathies, the HIPICNs created are quite common, thus justifying the merging of these disorders mechanistically and suggesting that these common mechanisms exist in the onset and progression of different joint diseases.
AB - Background Chronic inflammatory arthropathies, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis, including psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS), osteoarthritis (OA), and intervertebral disc degenerative disease (DDD) constitute major public health problems that are anticipated to grow significantly as the human population ages. However, many aspects concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying their onset and progression remain unclear. Design This narrative review critically analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammation-associated pathogenesis of the aforementioned joint diseases. This includes, in particular, the major role played by several key soluble factors (such as cytokines and the associated signaling pathways, designated as “fragile nodes”) produced by local cells and recruited to the joints' immune cells, whose elimination by specific drugs has dramatically improved the diseases' symptomatology and outcome in human clinical trials or in rodent arthritis models. Hypothesis and the aim of this review We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory arthropathies is governed by hierarchical, imbalanced pro-inflammatory cytokine networks (HIPICNs) (comprising a combination of fragile nodes) that are created during the development of both autoimmune (RA, PsA, and AS) and non-autoimmune (OA and DDD) disorders. The main aim of this review is to provide evidence that despite substantial pathobiological differences between these arthropathies, the HIPICNs created are quite common, thus justifying the merging of these disorders mechanistically and suggesting that these common mechanisms exist in the onset and progression of different joint diseases.
KW - Cytokine network
KW - Disc degenerative disease
KW - Inflammation
KW - Osteoarthritis
KW - Rheumatoid arthritis
KW - Spondyloarthritis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034421469&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.013
DO - 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.013
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AN - SCOPUS:85034421469
SN - 1063-4584
VL - 26
SP - 7
EP - 17
JO - Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
JF - Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
IS - 1
ER -