Hemodynamic aspects of obliterative processes in peripheral blood vessels—rigid and soft narrowing

Hemodynamic aspects of obliterative processes in peripheral blood vessels were studied on a mechanical model built of distensible tubing, with a fixed peripheral resistance, through which citrated blood was circulated by pulsatile flow. Hemodynamics of progressive focal stenosis, elongated soft stenosis, and elongated rigid stenosis were assessed. By the use of a hydrodynamic model and a series of in vitro experiments, we have measured the pressure and flow characteristics, and calculated the pressure and energy losses for the various stenotic sites. The critical stricture was found to be larger for a rigid stenosis than a soft stenosis. The length of the stenosis was also an important factor. Increasing the length of a rigid stenosis, for example, by 50 percent resulted in an increase of 25 percent in the flow through the stenosis. The energy dissipation was determined as a preferred indication for several parameters such as: pressure drop, pulsed flow, pulse rate, and the geometry and mechanical properties of the stenosis.