Half-human and monstrous races in Zoroastrian tradition

Legends and stories about fabulous races that dwelt in India or in Africa circulated in Iran probably since the Achaemenid times Unfortunately, scholarship on this topic has neglected some late Iranian and, especially, Zoroastrian sources, such as Draxt ī āsūrīg (The Assyrian tree), the Bundahišn (Primal Creation), the Ayādgār ī Jāmāspīg (The memorial of Jāmāsp), and the New Persian epic šāhnāme This article examines the aforementioned sources and discusses their accounts of fve fabulous races from an Iranian, and especially Zoroastrian, perspective and through a comparative approach to some similar neighboring traditions.