Guest list or black list: Heritable small RNAs as immunogenic memories

Oded Rechavi*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

34 Scopus citations

Abstract

Small RNA-mediated gene silencing plays a pivotal role in genome immunity by recognizing and eliminating viruses and transposons that may otherwise colonize the genome. However, individual genomic parasites are highly diverse and employ multiple immune-evasion techniques, making this silencing challenging. Here I review a new theory proposing that the integrity of the germline is maintained by transgenerationally transmitted RNA 'memories' that record ancestral gene expression patterns and delineate 'self' from 'foreign' sequences. To maintain such recollection, two tactics are employed in parallel: 'black listing' of invading nucleic acids and 'guest listing' of endogenous genes. Studies in several organisms have shown that this memorization is used by the next generation of small RNAs to act as 'inherited vaccines' that attack invading elements or as 'inherited licenses' that permit the transcription of autogenous sequences.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)212-220
Number of pages9
JournalTrends in Cell Biology
Volume24
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2014

Funding

FundersFunder number
Israel Science Foundation
Teva NNE
CBRC
European Research Council
European Commission335624

    Keywords

    • Inherited immunity
    • Inherited vaccines
    • Self versus non-self
    • Small RNA
    • Transgenerational inheritance

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