Ginzburg–Landau models of nonlinear electric transmission networks

Emmanuel Kengne*, Wu Ming Liu, Lars Q. English, Boris A. Malomed

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

43 Scopus citations

Abstract

Complex Ginzburg–Landau (CGL) equations serve as canonical models in a great variety of physical settings, such as nonlinear photonics, dynamical phase transitions, superconductivity, superfluidity, hydrodynamics, plasmas, Bose–Einstein condensates, liquid crystals, field-theory strings, etc. This article provides a review of one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) CGL-based models of single- and multi-coupled (bundled) electric nonlinear transmission networks (NLTNs), built of elements combining nonlinearity and dispersion. They are modeled by CGL equations in the framework of the continuum approximation. The presentation starts with a survey of experimental results for solitons in electrical transmission lines. Both lossless and dissipative networks are considered. Nonlinear models originating from NLTNs, which are treated in the review, include conservative and dissipative nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations, cubic and cubic–quintic CGL equations (ones with derivative terms are included as well), and their extensions in the form of the Kundu–Eckhaus (KE) and generalized Chen–Lee–Liu (CLL) equations. These models produce a variety of analytical and numerical solutions for the propagation of nonlinear-wave modes in electric networks. We here focus on cnoidal waves, bright and dark solitons, kinks, rogue waves, and chirped W-shaped kinks (Lambert waves), some of which have been observed in experiments, while others call for experimental realization. A summary of applications of NLTNs is presented, including an especially important example that relies on NLTNs for emulation of various dynamical phenomena known in other physical and neural systems. Based on models distinct from equations of the CGL type, we also review bifurcations of traveling waves propagating in 2D electrical networks.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1-124
Number of pages124
JournalPhysics Reports
Volume982
DOIs
StatePublished - 12 Oct 2022

Funding

FundersFunder number
National Natural Science Foundation of China2021YFA1400900, XDB01020300, 61835013, XDB21030300, 2021YFA0718300, 11835011, 2021YFA1400243
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Chinese Academy of Sciences2023VMA0019
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Israel Science Foundation1286/17
Israel Science Foundation
National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFA0301500
National Key Research and Development Program of China

    Keywords

    • Chen–Lee–Liu equation
    • DEDICATION: One of authors, Emmanuel Kengne, dedicates this work to the memory of his mother, KUA Marie Djomou, Mefo'a Gouo (Bangou Queen), passed away on September 6th, 2021. For if he had not believed that she would have wished him to give such help as he could toward making her life's work of service to mankind, he should never have been led to coauthor this work.
    • Emulation of complex systems
    • Ginzburg–Landau models
    • Gross–Pitaevskii equation
    • Kinks
    • Modulated waves
    • Modulational instability
    • Nonlinear Schrödinger equation
    • Rogue waves
    • Solitons

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