TY - JOUR
T1 - Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations
AU - Jaffe, Adam B.
AU - Trajtenberg, Manuel
AU - Henderson, Rebecca
N1 - Funding Information:
•We gratefully acknowledge support from the Ameritech Foundation, via the Ameritech Fellows program of the Center for Regional Economic Issues at Case Western Reserve University, and from the National Science Foundation through grant SES91-10516. We thank Neil Bania, Ricardo Caballero, Michael Fog -arty, Zvi Griliches, Frank Lichtenberg, Francis Narin, seminar participants at NBER and Case Western Reserve University, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Any errors are the responsibility of the authors. 1. E.g., Jaffe [1986] and Bernstein and Nadiri [1988, 1989]. For a recent survey and evaluation of this literature, see Griliches [1991]. 2. See, e.g., Minnesota Department of Trade and Economic Development [1988]; Dorfman [1988]; Feller [1989]; and Smilor, Kozmetsky, and Gibson [1988].
Funding Information:
*We are grateful to Lawrence Katz and two anonymous referees for comments, and to the Bradley Foundation for financial support.
PY - 1993/8
Y1 - 1993/8
N2 - We compare the geographic location of patent citations with that of the cited patents, as evidence of the extent to which knowledge spillovers are geographically localized. We find that citations to domestic patents are more likely to be domestic, and more likely to come from the same state and SMSA as the cited patents, compared with a “control frequency” reflecting the pre-existing concentration of related research activity. These effects are particularly significant at the local (SMSA) level. Localization fades over time, but only very slowly. There is no evidence that more “basic” inventions diffuse more rapidly than others.
AB - We compare the geographic location of patent citations with that of the cited patents, as evidence of the extent to which knowledge spillovers are geographically localized. We find that citations to domestic patents are more likely to be domestic, and more likely to come from the same state and SMSA as the cited patents, compared with a “control frequency” reflecting the pre-existing concentration of related research activity. These effects are particularly significant at the local (SMSA) level. Localization fades over time, but only very slowly. There is no evidence that more “basic” inventions diffuse more rapidly than others.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84960609570&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2307/2118401
DO - 10.2307/2118401
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AN - SCOPUS:84960609570
SN - 0033-5533
VL - 108
SP - 577
EP - 598
JO - Quarterly Journal of Economics
JF - Quarterly Journal of Economics
IS - 3
ER -