Gaia Early Data Release 3: The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

R. L. Smart, L. M. Sarro, J. Rybizki, C. Reylé, A. C. Robin, N. C. Hambly, U. Abbas, M. A. Barstow, J. H.J. De Bruijne, B. Bucciarelli, J. M. Carrasco, W. J. Cooper, S. T. Hodgkin, E. Masana, D. Michalik, J. Sahlmann, A. Sozzetti, A. G.A. Brown, A. Vallenari, T. PrustiC. Babusiaux, M. Biermann, O. L. Creevey, D. W. Evans, L. Eyer, A. Hutton, F. Jansen, C. Jordi, S. A. Klioner, U. Lammers, L. Lindegren, X. Luri, F. Mignard, C. Panem, D. Pourbaix, S. Randich, P. Sartoretti, C. Soubiran, N. A. Walton, F. Arenou, C. A.L. Bailer-Jones, U. Bastian, M. Cropper, R. Drimmel, D. Katz, M. G. Lattanzi, F. Van Leeuwen, J. Bakker, J. Castañeda, F. De Angeli, C. Ducourant, C. Fabricius, M. Fouesneau, Y. Frémat, R. Guerra, A. Guerrier, J. Guiraud, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo, R. Messineo, N. Mowlavi, C. Nicolas, K. Nienartowicz, F. Pailler, P. Panuzzo, F. Riclet, W. Roux, G. M. Seabroke, R. Sordo, P. Tanga, F. Thévenin, G. Gracia-Abril, J. Portell, D. Teyssier, M. Altmann, R. Andrae, I. Bellas-Velidis, K. Benson, J. Berthier, R. Blomme, E. Brugaletta, P. W. Burgess, G. Busso, B. Carry, A. Cellino, N. Cheek, G. Clementini, Y. Damerdji, M. Davidson, L. Delchambre, A. Dell'Oro, J. Fernández-Hernández, L. Galluccio, P. García-Lario, M. Garcia-Reinaldos, J. González-Núñez, E. Gosset, R. Haigron, J. L. Halbwachs, D. L. Harrison, D. Hatzidimitriou, U. Heiter, J. Hernández, D. Hestroffer, B. Holl, K. Janßen, G. Jevardat De Fombelle, S. Jordan, A. Krone-Martins, A. C. Lanzafame, W. Löffler, A. Lorca, M. Manteiga, O. Marchal, P. M. Marrese, A. Moitinho, A. Mora, K. Muinonen, P. Osborne, E. Pancino, T. Pauwels, A. Recio-Blanco, P. J. Richards, M. Riello, L. Rimoldini, T. Roegiers, C. Siopis, M. Smith, A. Ulla, E. Utrilla, M. Van Leeuwen, W. Van Reeven, A. Abreu Aramburu, S. Accart, C. Aerts, J. J. Aguado, M. Ajaj, G. Altavilla, M. A. Álvarez, J. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, J. Alves, R. I. Anderson, E. Anglada Varela, T. Antoja, M. Audard, D. Baines, S. G. Baker, L. Balaguer-Núñez, E. Balbinot, Z. Balog, C. Barache, D. Barbato, M. Barros, S. Bartolomé, J. L. Bassilana, N. Bauchet, A. Baudesson-Stella, U. Becciani, M. Bellazzini, M. Bernet, S. Bertone, L. Bianchi, S. Blanco-Cuaresma, T. Boch, A. Bombrun, D. Bossini, S. Bouquillon, A. Bragaglia, L. Bramante, E. Breedt, A. Bressan, N. Brouillet, A. Burlacu, D. Busonero, A. G. Butkevich, R. Buzzi, E. Caffau, R. Cancelliere, H. Cánovas, T. Cantat-Gaudin, R. Carballo, T. Carlucci, M. I. Carnerero, L. Casamiquela, M. Castellani, A. Castro-Ginard, P. Castro Sampol, L. Chaoul, P. Charlot, L. Chemin, A. Chiavassa, M. R.L. Cioni, G. Comoretto, T. Cornez, S. Cowell, F. Crifo, M. Crosta, C. Crowley, C. Dafonte, A. Dapergolas, M. David, P. David, P. De Laverny, F. De Luise, R. De March, J. De Ridder, R. De Souza, P. De Teodoro, A. De Torres, E. F. Del Peloso, E. Del Pozo, A. Delgado, H. E. Delgado, J. B. Delisle, P. DI Matteo, S. DIakite, C. DIener, E. DIstefano, C. Dolding, D. Eappachen, B. Edvardsson, H. Enke, P. Esquej, C. Fabre, M. Fabrizio, S. Faigler, G. Fedorets, P. Fernique, A. Fienga, F. Figueras, C. Fouron, F. Fragkoudi, E. Fraile, F. Franke, M. Gai, D. Garabato, A. Garcia-Gutierrez, M. García-Torres, A. Garofalo, P. Gavras, E. Gerlach, R. Geyer, P. Giacobbe, G. Gilmore, S. Girona, G. Giuffrida, R. Gomel, A. Gomez, I. Gonzalez-Santamaria, J. J. González-Vidal, M. Granvik, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, L. P. Guy, M. Hauser, M. Haywood, A. Helmi, S. L. Hidalgo, T. Hilger, N. Hładczuk, D. Hobbs, G. Holland, H. E. Huckle, G. Jasniewicz, P. G. Jonker, J. Juaristi Campillo, F. Julbe, L. Karbevska, P. Kervella, S. Khanna, A. Kochoska, M. Kontizas, G. Kordopatis, A. J. Korn, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, K. Kruszyńska, S. Lambert, A. F. Lanza, Y. Lasne, J. F. Le Campion, Y. Le Fustec, Y. Lebreton, T. Lebzelter, S. Leccia, N. Leclerc, I. Lecoeur-Taibi, S. Liao, E. Licata, H. E.P. Lindstrøm, T. A. Lister, E. Livanou, A. Lobel, P. Madrero Pardo, S. Managau, R. G. Mann, J. M. Marchant, M. Marconi, M. M.S. Marcos Santos, S. Marinoni, F. Marocco, D. J. Marshall, L. Martin Polo, J. M. Martín-Fleitas, A. Masip, D. Massari, A. Mastrobuono-Battisti, T. Mazeh, P. J. McMillan, S. Messina, N. R. Millar, A. Mints, D. Molina, R. Molinaro, L. Molnár, P. Montegriffo, R. Mor, R. Morbidelli, T. Morel, D. Morris, A. F. Mulone, D. Munoz, T. Muraveva, C. P. Murphy, I. Musella, L. Noval, C. Ordénovic, G. Orrù, J. Osinde, C. Pagani, I. Pagano, L. Palaversa, P. A. Palicio, A. Panahi, M. Pawlak, X. Peñalosa Esteller, A. Penttilä, A. M. Piersimoni, F. X. Pineau, E. Plachy, G. Plum, E. Poggio, E. Poretti, E. Poujoulet, A. Prša, L. Pulone, E. Racero, S. Ragaini, M. Rainer, C. M. Raiteri, N. Rambaux, P. Ramos, M. Ramos-Lerate, P. Re Fiorentin, S. Regibo, V. Ripepi, A. Riva, G. Rixon, N. Robichon, C. Robin, M. Roelens, L. Rohrbasser, M. Romero-Gómez, N. Rowell, F. Royer, K. A. Rybicki, G. Sadowski, A. Sagristà Sellés, J. Salgado, E. Salguero, N. Samaras, V. Sanchez Gimenez, N. Sanna, R. Santoveña, M. Sarasso, M. Schultheis, E. Sciacca, M. Segol, J. C. Segovia, D. Ségransan, D. Semeux, S. Shahaf, H. I. Siddiqui, A. Siebert, L. Siltala, E. Slezak, E. Solano, F. Solitro, D. Souami, J. Souchay, A. Spagna, F. Spoto, I. A. Steele, H. Steidelmüller, C. A. Stephenson, M. Süveges, L. Szabados, E. Szegedi-Elek, F. Taris, G. Tauran, M. B. Taylor, R. Teixeira, W. Thuillot, N. Tonello, F. Torra, J. Torra, C. Turon, N. Unger, M. Vaillant, E. Van DIllen, O. Vanel, A. Vecchiato, Y. Viala, D. Vicente, S. Voutsinas, M. Weiler, T. Wevers, L. Wyrzykowski, A. Yoldas, P. Yvard, H. Zhao, J. Zorec, S. Zucker, C. Zurbach, T. Zwitter

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

174 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use. Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue. Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun. Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.

Original languageEnglish
Article numberA6
JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
Volume649
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 May 2021

Funding

FundersFunder number
Australian National University
Australian Government
Active and Assisted Living programme
University of Sydney
Swinburne University of Technology
Seventh Framework Programme
Sixth Framework Programme
Danish Ministry of Science
Curtin University of Technology
Algerian Centre de Recherche en Astronomie
University of Melbourne
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
European Commission
Astronomy Australia Limited
Monash University
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
University of Queensland
University of Western Australia
Comité Français d’Evaluation de la Coopération Universitaire et Scientifique avec le Brésil
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Polska Akademia Nauk
Australian National Data Service Projects
European Leadership in Space Astrometry
Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost
Not added614.061.414
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek091.16N
National Science Foundation320360, 264895, 0908326, 687378, 670519, 745617, 606740, 682115, 255267, 240271, 647208, 1238877, 695099
INTER-EXCELLENCELTAUSA18093
Australian Research CouncilLE130100104
Haridus- ja TeadusministeeriumIUT40-1
European Space Agency98058
Marie Curie Research Training NetworkMRTN-CT-2006-033481
FWFP 20046, T 359, P23737
École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneTTP-2018-07-1171
China Scholarship Council201806040200
UK Research and InnovationST/S001948/1
National Natural Science Foundation of China11573054, 11703065
Agence Nationale de la RechercheANR-15-CE31-0007
Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaIncentivo/EEI/LA0008/2013, SFRH/BPD/74697/2010
Czech-Republic Ministry of Education, Youth, and SportsLG 15010
Marie CuriePIOF-GA-2009-255267

    Keywords

    • Astrometry
    • Catalogs
    • Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams
    • Solar neighborhood
    • Stars: low-mass
    • Stars: luminosity function, mass function

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