Gaia Early Data Release 3: Acceleration of the Solar System from Gaia astrometry

S. A. Klioner, F. Mignard, L. Lindegren, U. Bastian, P. J. McMillan, J. Hernández, D. Hobbs, M. Ramos-Lerate, M. Biermann, A. Bombrun, A. De Torres, E. Gerlach, R. Geyer, T. Hilger, U. Lammers, H. Steidelmüller, C. A. Stephenson, A. G.A. Brown, A. Vallenari, T. PrustiJ. H.J. De Bruijne, C. Babusiaux, O. L. Creevey, D. W. Evans, L. Eyer, A. Hutton, F. Jansen, C. Jordi, X. Luri, C. Panem, D. Pourbaix, S. Randich, P. Sartoretti, C. Soubiran, N. A. Walton, F. Arenou, C. A.L. Bailer-Jones, M. Cropper, R. Drimmel, D. Katz, M. G. Lattanzi, F. Van Leeuwen, J. Bakker, J. Castañeda, F. De Angeli, C. Ducourant, C. Fabricius, M. Fouesneau, Y. Frémat, R. Guerra, A. Guerrier, J. Guiraud, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo, E. Masana, R. Messineo, N. Mowlavi, C. Nicolas, K. Nienartowicz, F. Pailler, P. Panuzzo, F. Riclet, W. Roux, G. M. Seabroke, R. Sordo, P. Tanga, F. Thévenin, G. Gracia-Abril, J. Portell, D. Teyssier, M. Altmann, R. Andrae, I. Bellas-Velidis, K. Benson, J. Berthier, R. Blomme, E. Brugaletta, P. W. Burgess, G. Busso, B. Carry, A. Cellino, N. Cheek, G. Clementini, Y. Damerdji, M. Davidson, L. Delchambre, A. Dell'Oro, J. Fernández-Hernández, L. Galluccio, P. García-Lario, M. Garcia-Reinaldos, J. González-Núñez, E. Gosset, R. Haigron, J. L. Halbwachs, N. C. Hambly, D. L. Harrison, D. Hatzidimitriou, U. Heiter, D. Hestroffer, S. T. Hodgkin, B. Holl, K. Janßen, G. Jevardat De Fombelle, S. Jordan, A. Krone-Martins, A. C. Lanzafame, W. Löffler, A. Lorca, M. Manteiga, O. Marchal, P. M. Marrese, A. Moitinho, A. Mora, K. Muinonen, P. Osborne, E. Pancino, T. Pauwels, A. Recio-Blanco, P. J. Richards, M. Riello, L. Rimoldini, A. C. Robin, T. Roegiers, J. Rybizki, L. M. Sarro, C. Siopis, M. Smith, A. Sozzetti, A. Ulla, E. Utrilla, M. Van Leeuwen, W. Van Reeven, U. Abbas, A. Abreu Aramburu, S. Accart, C. Aerts, J. J. Aguado, M. Ajaj, G. Altavilla, M. A. Álvarez, J. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, J. Alves, R. I. Anderson, E. Anglada Varela, T. Antoja, M. Audard, D. Baines, S. G. Baker, L. Balaguer-Núñez, E. Balbinot, Z. Balog, C. Barache, D. Barbato, M. Barros, M. A. Barstow, S. Bartolomé, J. L. Bassilana, N. Bauchet, A. Baudesson-Stella, U. Becciani, M. Bellazzini, M. Bernet, S. Bertone, L. Bianchi, S. Blanco-Cuaresma, T. Boch, D. Bossini, S. Bouquillon, L. Bramante, E. Breedt, A. Bressan, N. Brouillet, B. Bucciarelli, A. Burlacu, D. Busonero, A. G. Butkevich, R. Buzzi, E. Caffau, R. Cancelliere, H. Cánovas, T. Cantat-Gaudin, R. Carballo, T. Carlucci, M. I. Carnerero, J. M. Carrasco, L. Casamiquela, M. Castellani, A. Castro-Ginard, P. Castro Sampol, L. Chaoul, P. Charlot, L. Chemin, A. Chiavassa, G. Comoretto, W. J. Cooper, T. Cornez, S. Cowell, F. Crifo, M. Crosta, C. Crowley, C. Dafonte, A. Dapergolas, M. David, P. David, P. De Laverny, F. De Luise, R. De March, J. De Ridder, R. De Souza, P. De Teodoro, E. F. Del Peloso, E. Del Pozo, A. Delgado, H. E. Delgado, J. B. Delisle, P. Di Matteo, S. Diakite, C. Diener, E. Distefano, C. Dolding, D. Eappachen, H. Enke, P. Esquej, C. Fabre, M. Fabrizio, S. Faigler, G. Fedorets, P. Fernique, A. Fienga, F. Figueras, C. Fouron, F. Fragkoudi, E. Fraile, F. Franke, M. Gai, D. Garabato, A. Garcia-Gutierrez, M. García-Torres, A. Garofalo, P. Gavras, P. Giacobbe, G. Gilmore, S. Girona, G. Giuffrida, A. Gomez, I. Gonzalez-Santamaria, J. J. González-Vidal, M. Granvik, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, L. P. Guy, M. Hauser, M. Haywood, A. Helmi, S. L. Hidalgo, N. Hładczuk, G. Holland, H. E. Huckle, G. Jasniewicz, P. G. Jonker, J. Juaristi Campillo, F. Julbe, L. Karbevska, P. Kervella, S. Khanna, A. Kochoska, G. Kordopatis, A. J. Korn, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, K. Kruszyńska, S. Lambert, A. F. Lanza, Y. Lasne, J. F. Le Campion, Y. Le Fustec, Y. Lebreton, T. Lebzelter, S. Leccia, N. Leclerc, I. Lecoeur-Taibi, S. Liao, E. Licata, H. E.P. Lindstrøm, T. A. Lister, E. Livanou, A. Lobel, P. Madrero Pardo, S. Managau, R. G. Mann, J. M. Marchant, M. Marconi, M. M.S. Marcos Santos, S. Marinoni, F. Marocco, D. J. Marshall, L. Martin Polo, J. M. Martín-Fleitas, A. Masip, D. Massari, A. Mastrobuono-Battisti, T. Mazeh, S. Messina, D. Michalik, N. R. Millar, A. Mints, D. Molina, R. Molinaro, L. Molnár, P. Montegriffo, R. Mor, R. Morbidelli, T. Morel, D. Morris, A. F. Mulone, D. Munoz, T. Muraveva, C. P. Murphy, I. Musella, L. Noval, C. Ordénovic, G. Orrù, J. Osinde, C. Pagani, I. Pagano, L. Palaversa, P. A. Palicio, A. Panahi, M. Pawlak, X. Peñalosa Esteller, A. Penttilä, A. M. Piersimoni, F. X. Pineau, E. Plachy, G. Plum, E. Poggio, E. Poretti, E. Poujoulet, A. Prša, L. Pulone, E. Racero, S. Ragaini, M. Rainer, C. M. Raiteri, N. Rambaux, P. Ramos, P. Re Fiorentin, S. Regibo, C. Reylé, V. Ripepi, A. Riva, G. Rixon, N. Robichon, C. Robin, M. Roelens, L. Rohrbasser, M. Romero-Gómez, N. Rowell, F. Royer, K. A. Rybicki, G. Sadowski, A. Sagristà Sellés, J. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, E. Salguero, N. Samaras, V. Sanchez Gimenez, N. Sanna, R. Santoveña, M. Sarasso, M. Schultheis, E. Sciacca, M. Segol, J. C. Segovia, D. Ségransan, D. Semeux, H. I. Siddiqui, A. Siebert, L. Siltala, E. Slezak, R. L. Smart, E. Solano, F. Solitro, D. Souami, J. Souchay, A. Spagna, F. Spoto, I. A. Steele, M. Süveges, L. Szabados, E. Szegedi-Elek, F. Taris, G. Tauran, M. B. Taylor, R. Teixeira, W. Thuillot, N. Tonello, F. Torra, J. Torra, C. Turon, N. Unger, M. Vaillant, E. Van Dillen, O. Vanel, A. Vecchiato, Y. Viala, D. Vicente, S. Voutsinas, M. Weiler, T. Wevers, L. Wyrzykowski, A. Yoldas, P. Yvard, H. Zhao, J. Zorec, S. Zucker, C. Zurbach, T. Zwitter

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

70 Scopus citations

Abstract

Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) provides accurate astrometry for about 1.6 million compact (QSO-like) extragalactic sources, 1.2 million of which have the best-quality five-parameter astrometric solutions. Aims. The proper motions of QSO-like sources are used to reveal a systematic pattern due to the acceleration of the solar systembarycentre with respect to the rest frame of the Universe. Apart from being an important scientific result by itself, the acceleration measured in this way is a good quality indicator of the Gaia astrometric solution. Methods. Theeffect of the acceleration was obtained as a part of the general expansion of the vector field of proper motions in vector spherical harmonics (VSH). Various versions of the VSH fit and various subsets of the sources were tried and compared to get the most consistent result and a realistic estimate of its uncertainty. Additional tests with the Gaia astrometric solution were used to get a better idea of the possible systematic errors in the estimate. Results. Our best estimate of the acceleration based on Gaia EDR3 is (2.32 ± 0.16) × 10-10 m s-2 (or 7.33 ±0.51 km s-1 Myr-1) towards α = 269.1° ± 5.4°, δ = -31.6° ± 4.1°, corresponding to a proper motion amplitude of 5.05 ±0.35 μas yr-1. This is in good agreement with the acceleration expected from current models of the Galactic gravitational potential. We expect that future Gaia data releases will provide estimates of the acceleration with uncertainties substantially below 0.1 μas yr-1.

Original languageEnglish
Article numberA9
JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
Volume649
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 May 2021

Funding

FundersFunder number
United Kingdom Space Agency
Marie Curie Transfer-of-Knowledge
Insti-tut National de Physique
Galician Regional Government
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona
United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
European Science Foundation
Science and Technology Facilities Council
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
University of Edinburgh
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
Magnus Ehrnroothin Säätiö
Sixth Framework Programme
Danish Ministry of Science
Swiss Activités Nationales Complémentaires
Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council
Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation
MareNostrum
Algerian Centre de Recherche en Astronomie
University of Leicester
Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
Institut des Sciences de l’Univers
Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Academy of Finland
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Cofecub
European Commission
Science Foundation Ireland
Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia
CITIC
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Région de Franche-Comté
University College London
Red Española de Supercomputación
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
UK Space Agency
University of Cambridge
Comité Français d’Evaluation de la Coopération Universitaire et Scientifique avec le Brésil
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Polska Akademia Nauk
Technische Universität Dresden
GREAT-ESF
Royal Society
European Research Council
Barcelona Supercomputing Center
Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital, Gobierno de España
University of Bristol
European Regional Development Fund
Portugese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
European Leadership in Space Astrometry
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
Swedish National Space Agency
Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost
Fundació Catalana de TrasplantamentSFRH/BD/128840/2017
Not addedNWO-M-614.061.414, 614.061.414
Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaUID/FIS/00099/2019, SFRH/BPD/74697/2010
Ministerstwo Edukacji i NaukiDIR/WK/2018/12
Seventh Framework Programme320360, 745617, 264895, 255267, 682115, 647208, 695099, FP7-SPACE-2013-1, FP7-606740
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica2013/030/I.0, 2016-17-I.0, 2013-030-I.0.1-2015, 2014-049-R.0/1/2, I/008/10/0
Magyar Tudományos AkadémiaLP2014-17, LP2018-7
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek091.16N
Marie Curie Research Training NetworkMRTN-CT-2006-033481
Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadBES-2017-083126, ESP2016-80079-C2-2-R, ESP2016-80079-C2-1-R, BES-2016-078499, FJCI-2015-2671, RTI2018-095076-B-C22, RTI2018-095076-B-C21
FWFP 20046, T 359, P23737
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt50QG1001, 50QG1101, 50QG1401, 50QG1403, 50QG0501, 50QG1402, 50QG0701, 50QG0602, 50QG0601, 50QG1404, 50QG0901, 50QG1904
Marie CuriePIOF-GA-2009-255267
Haridus- ja TeadusministeeriumIUT40-1
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme606740, 687378, 670519
María de MaeztuCEX2019-000918-M, MDM-2014-0369, AyA2017-84089
Generalitat de Catalunya2014-SGR-1051
Agence Nationale de la RechercheANR-14-CE33-0014-01, ANR-15-CE31-0012-01, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02, ANR-15-CE31-0007
HARMONIA2017/25/N/ST9/01253, 2017/27/L/ST9/03221, 2019/30/M/ST9/00311
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalKH_18-130405
Agenzia Spaziale ItalianaI/058/10/0, I/037/08/0, 2014-025-R.0, 2018-24-HH.0, 2014-025-R.1.2015
Israel Science Foundation848/16
Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónTIN2015-65316-P, AYA2017-89841P
BSC-CNSAECT-2016-1-0006, AECT-2016-3-0011, AECT-2017-1-0020, AECT-2016-2-0013
United Kingdom Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryST/J005045/1, ST/S002103/1, ST/K000209/1, ST/L006561/1, PP/D006546/1, ST/N000595/1, ST/N001117/1, ST/N000978/1, ST/K000756/1, ST/S000089/1, ST/S001123/1, ST/V000969/1, ST/N000641/1, ST/S000976/1, PP/D006511/1, ST/K00056X/1, PP/D006570/1, ST/I000852/1
INTER-EXCELLENCELTAUSA18093
China Scholarship Council201806040200
Fondo Europeo de Desenvolvemento RexionalED431G-2019/01
European Space AgencyC98090, 98058, 4000115263/15/NL/IB, 4000106398/12/NL/KML
National Natural Science Foundation of China11573054, 11703065
Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RSP1-0188
ToKMTKD-CT-2004-014188
UK Research and InnovationST/S001948/1
Czech-Republic Ministry of Education, Youth, and SportsLG 15010
École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneTTP-2018-07-1171
Xunta de GaliciaED481A-2019/155, ED431B-2018/42
Spanish governmentSEV2015-0493
Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y DeporteFPU16/03827

    Keywords

    • Astrometry
    • Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics
    • Methods: data analysis
    • Proper motions
    • Reference systems

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