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Gaia Data Release 3: The Galaxy in your preferred colours: Synthetic photometry from Gaia low-resolution spectra

  • P. Montegriffo
  • , M. Bellazzini*
  • , F. De Angeli
  • , R. Andrae
  • , M. A. Barstow
  • , D. Bossini
  • , A. Bragaglia
  • , P. W. Burgess
  • , C. Cacciari
  • , J. M. Carrasco
  • , N. Chornay
  • , L. Delchambre
  • , D. W. Evans
  • , M. Fouesneau
  • , Y. Frémat
  • , D. Garabato
  • , C. Jordi
  • , M. Manteiga
  • , D. Massari
  • , L. Palaversa
  • E. Pancino, M. Riello, D. Ruz Mieres, N. Sanna, R. Santoveña, R. Sordo, A. Vallenari, N. A. Walton, A. G.A. Brown, T. Prusti, J. H.J. De Bruijne, F. Arenou, C. Babusiaux, M. Biermann, O. L. Creevey, C. Ducourant, L. Eyer, R. Guerra, A. Hutton, S. A. Klioner, U. L. Lammers, L. Lindegren, X. Luri, F. Mignard, C. Panem, D. Pourbaix, S. Randich, P. Sartoretti, C. Soubiran, P. Tanga, C. A.L. Bailer-Jones, U. Bastian, R. Drimmel, F. Jansen, D. Katz, M. G. Lattanzi, F. Van Leeuwen, J. Bakker, J. Castañeda, C. Fabricius, L. Galluccio, A. Guerrier, U. Heiter, E. Masana, R. Messineo, N. Mowlavi, C. Nicolas, K. Nienartowicz, F. Pailler, P. Panuzzo, F. Riclet, W. Roux, G. M. Seabroke, F. Thévenin, G. Gracia-Abril, J. Portell, D. Teyssier, M. Altmann, M. Audard, I. Bellas-Velidis, K. Benson, J. Berthier, R. Blomme, D. Busonero, G. Busso, H. Cánovas, B. Carry, A. Cellino, N. Cheek, G. Clementini, Y. Damerdji, M. Davidson, P. De Teodoro, M. Nuñez Campos, A. Dell Oro, P. Esquej, J. Fernández-Hernández, E. Fraile, P. García-Lario, E. Gosset, R. Haigron, J. L. Halbwachs, N. C. Hambly, D. L. Harrison, J. Hernández, D. Hestroffer, S. T. Hodgkin, B. Holl, K. JanãEn, G. Jevardat De Fombelle, S. Jordan, A. Krone-Martins, A. C. Lanzafame, W. Löffler, O. Marchal, P. M. Marrese, A. Moitinho, K. Muinonen, P. Osborne, T. Pauwels, A. Recio-Blanco, C. Reylé, L. Rimoldini, T. Roegiers, J. Rybizki, L. M. Sarro, C. Siopis, M. Smith, A. Sozzetti, E. Utrilla, M. Van Leeuwen, U. Abbas, P. Ábrahám, A. Abreu Aramburu, C. Aerts, J. J. Aguado, M. Ajaj, F. Aldea-Montero, G. Altavilla, M. A. Álvarez, J. Alves, R. I. Anderson, E. Anglada Varela, T. Antoja, D. Baines, S. G. Baker, L. Balaguer-Núñez, E. Balbinot, Z. Balog, C. Barache, D. Barbato, M. Barros, S. Bartolomé, J. L. Bassilana, N. Bauchet, U. Becciani, A. Berihuete, M. Bernet, S. Bertone, L. Bianchi, A. Binnenfeld, S. Blanco-Cuaresma, T. Boch, A. Bombrun, S. Bouquillon, L. Bramante, E. Breedt, A. Bressan, N. Brouillet, E. Brugaletta, B. Bucciarelli, A. Burlacu, A. G. Butkevich, R. Buzzi, E. Caffau, R. Cancelliere, T. Cantat-Gaudin, R. Carballo, T. Carlucci, M. I. Carnerero, L. Casamiquela, M. Castellani, A. Castro-Ginard, L. Chaoul, P. Charlot, L. Chemin, V. Chiaramida, A. Chiavassa, G. Comoretto, G. Contursi, W. J. Cooper, T. Cornez, S. Cowell, F. Crifo, M. Cropper, M. Crosta, C. Crowley, C. Dafonte, A. Dapergolas, P. David, P. De Laverny, F. De Luise, R. De March, J. De Ridder, R. De Souza, A. De Torres, E. F. Del Peloso, E. Del Pozo, M. Delbo, A. Delgado, J. B. Delisle, C. Demouchy, T. E. Dharmawardena, S. Diakite, C. Diener, E. Distefano, C. Dolding, H. Enke, C. Fabre, M. Fabrizio, S. Faigler, G. Fedorets, P. Fernique, F. Figueras, Y. Fournier, C. Fouron, F. Fragkoudi, M. Gai, A. Garcia-Gutierrez, M. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. García-Torres, A. Garofalo, A. Gavel, P. Gavras, E. Gerlach, R. Geyer, P. Giacobbe, G. Gilmore, S. Girona, G. Giuffrida, R. Gomel, A. Gomez, J. González-Núñez, I. González-Santamaría, J. J. González-Vidal, M. Granvik, P. Guillout, J. Guiraud, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, L. P. Guy, D. Hatzidimitriou, M. Hauser, M. Haywood, A. Helmer, A. Helmi, M. H. Sarmiento, S. L. Hidalgo, N. Håadczuk, D. Hobbs, G. Holland, H. E. Huckle, K. Jardine, G. Jasniewicz, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo, Jiménez-Arranz, J. Juaristi Campillo, F. Julbe, L. Karbevska, P. Kervella, S. Khanna, G. Kordopatis, A. J. Korn, Kóspál, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, K. Kruszynska, M. Kun, P. Laizeau, S. Lambert, A. F. Lanza, Y. Lasne, J. F. Le Campion, Y. Lebreton, T. Lebzelter, S. Leccia, N. Leclerc, I. Lecoeur-Taibi, S. Liao, E. L. Licata, H. E.P. Lindstróm, T. A. Lister, E. Livanou, A. Lobel, A. Lorca, C. Loup, P. Madrero Pardo, A. Magdaleno Romeo, S. Managau, R. G. Mann, J. M. Marchant, M. Marconi, J. Marcos, M. M.S. Marcos Santos, D. Marín Pina, S. Marinoni, F. Marocco, D. J. Marshall, L. Martin Polo, J. M. Martín-Fleitas, G. Marton, N. Mary, A. Masip, A. Mastrobuono-Battisti, T. Mazeh, P. J. McMillan, S. Messina, D. Michalik, N. R. Millar, A. Mints, D. Molina, R. Molinaro, L. Molnár, G. Monari, M. Monguió, A. Montero, R. Mor, A. Mora, R. Morbidelli, T. Morel, D. Morris, T. Muraveva, C. P. Murphy, I. Musella, Z. Nagy, L. Noval, F. Ocaña, A. Ogden, C. Ordenovic, J. O. Osinde, C. Pagani, I. Pagano, P. A. Palicio, L. Pallas-Quintela, A. Panahi, S. Payne-Wardenaar, X. Peñalosa Esteller, A. Penttilä, B. Pichon, A. M. Piersimoni, F. X. Pineau, E. Plachy, G. Plum, E. Poggio, A. Prša, L. Pulone, E. Racero, S. Ragaini, M. Rainer, C. M. Raiteri, P. Ramos, M. Ramos-Lerate, P. Re Fiorentin, S. Regibo, P. J. Richards, C. Rios Diaz, V. Ripepi, A. Riva, H. W. Rix, G. Rixon, N. Robichon, A. C. Robin, C. Robin, M. Roelens, H. R.O. Rogues, L. Rohrbasser, M. Romero-Gómez, N. Rowell, F. Royer, K. A. Rybicki, G. Sadowski, A. Sáez Núñez, A. Sagristà Sellés, J. Sahlmann, E. Salguero, N. Samaras, V. Sanchez Gimenez, M. Sarasso, M. S. Schultheis, E. Sciacca, M. Segol, J. C. Segovia, D. Ségransan, D. Semeux, S. Shahaf, H. I. Siddiqui, A. Siebert, L. Siltala, A. Silvelo, E. Slezak, I. Slezak, R. L. Smart, O. N. Snaith, E. Solano, F. Solitro, D. Souami, J. Souchay, A. Spagna, L. Spina, F. Spoto, I. A. Steele, H. Steidelmüller, C. A. Stephenson, M. Süveges, J. Surdej, L. Szabados, E. Szegedi-Elek, F. Taris, M. B. Taylor, R. Teixeira, L. Tolomei, N. Tonello, F. Torra, J. Torra, G. Torralba Elipe, M. Trabucchi, A. T. Tsounis, C. Turon, A. Ulla, N. Unger, M. V. Vaillant, E. Van Dillen, W. Van Reeven, O. Vanel, A. Vecchiato, Y. Viala, D. Vicente, S. Voutsinas, T. Wevers, L. Wyrzykowski, A. Yoldas, P. Yvard, H. Zhao, J. Zorec, S. Zucker, T. Zwitter
*Corresponding author for this work
  • Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna
  • University of Cambridge
  • Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
  • University of Leicester
  • University of Porto
  • University of Barcelona
  • University of Liege
  • Royal Observatory of Belgium
  • University of A Coruna
  • Ruder Boskovic Institute
  • Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri, Florence
  • Space Science Data Center - ASI
  • Astronomical Observatory of Padua
  • Leiden University
  • ESTEC
  • Université Paris 7
  • Observatoire de Grenoble
  • Heidelberg University 
  • Université Côte d'Azur
  • Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux
  • University of Geneva
  • European Space Astronomy Centre
  • European Space Agency - ESA
  • Technische Universität Dresden
  • Lund University
  • Centre national d'études spatiales
  • Université libre de Bruxelles
  • Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research
  • National Institute for Astrophysics
  • University of Turin
  • Uppsala University
  • Altec S.p.A.
  • Sednai Sarl
  • University College London
  • Observatoire de Paris
  • National Observatory of Athens
  • Center of Research in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Geophysics
  • University of Edinburgh
  • Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg
  • Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
  • University of Lisbon
  • University of California at Irvine
  • Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
  • University of Catania
  • Osservatorio Astronomico Roma
  • University of Helsinki
  • Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI
  • CNRS
  • National Distance Education University
  • Hungarian Academy of Sciences
  • Eötvös Loránd University
  • KU Leuven
  • Radboud University Nijmegen
  • University of Vienna
  • Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne
  • University of Groningen
  • University of Cádiz
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore County
  • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
  • EURIX S.r.l.
  • Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • Universidad de Chile
  • International School for Advanced Studies
  • Leonardo S.p.A.
  • Universidad de Cantabria
  • Universidad de Antofagasta
  • DLR Gesellschaft für Raumfahrtanwendungen (GfR) MbH Münchener Strabe 20
  • University of Hertfordshire
  • Universidade de São Paulo
  • Université de Franche-Comté
  • ATOS for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse
  • Queen's University Belfast
  • Centre de Données Astronomique de Strasbourg
  • Durham University
  • European Southern Observatory
  • Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
  • Universidad Pablo de Olavide
  • Barcelona Supercomputing Center
  • University of Vigo
  • Luleå University of Technology
  • Vera C. Rubin Observatory
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
  • TRUMPF Photonic Components GmbH
  • Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
  • University of La Laguna
  • Delft University of Technology
  • Radagast Solutions
  • Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
  • Caen University Medical School
  • SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
  • University of Warsaw
  • Institut de Physique de Rennes
  • Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
  • CAS - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
  • University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • University of Copenhagen
  • DXC Technology
  • Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc.
  • Liverpool John Moores University
  • California Institute of Technology
  • Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie IRAP de Toulouse
  • Research Centre For Astronomy and Earth Sciences
  • Complutense University
  • Villanova University
  • Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
  • Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
  • Charles University
  • Weizmann Institute of Science
  • Princeton University
  • Universite de Namur
  • CGI Deutschland B.V. & Co. KG
  • Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
  • University of Bristol
  • University of Padua
  • CERN
  • Universities Space Research Association
  • Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
  • University of Ljubljana

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

110 Scopus citations

Abstract

Gaia Data Release 3 provides novel flux-calibrated low-resolution spectrophotometry for '220 million sources in the wavelength range 330 nm ≤ λ ≤ 1050 nm (XP spectra). Synthetic photometry directly tied to a flux in physical units can be obtained from these spectra for any passband fully enclosed in this wavelength range. We describe how synthetic photometry can be obtained from XP spectra, illustrating the performance that can be achieved under a range of different conditions - for example passband width and wavelength range - as well as the limits and the problems affecting it. Existing top-quality photometry can be reproduced within a few per cent over a wide range of magnitudes and colour, for wide and medium bands, and with up to millimag accuracy when synthetic photometry is standardised with respect to these external sources. Some examples of potential scientific application are presented, including the detection of multiple populations in globular clusters, the estimation of metallicity extended to the very metal-poor regime, and the classification of white dwarfs. A catalogue providing standardised photometry for 2.2×108sources in several wide bands of widely used photometric systems is provided (Gaia Synthetic Photometry Catalogue; GSPC) as well as a catalogue of '105 white dwarfs with DA/non-DA classification obtained with a Random Forest algorithm (Gaia Synthetic Photometry Catalogue for White Dwarfs; GSPC-WD).

Original languageEnglish
Article numberA33
JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
Volume674
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jun 2023

Funding

FundersFunder number
European Commission
Seventh Framework Programme895174, 320360, 716155, 745617, 606740, 682115, 264895, 834148, 687378, 647208, 1238877, 695099
National Science Foundation1238877
Australian Research CouncilLE130100104
UK Research and InnovationST/S001948/1
Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaSFRH/BD/128840/2017
???publication-publication-funding-organisation-not-added???P 20046, T 359
???publication-publication-funding-organisation-not-added???614.061.414
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme951549
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung194638
Agence Nationale de la RechercheANR-15-CE31-0012

    Keywords

    • Catalogs
    • Galaxy: general
    • Stars: general
    • Surveys
    • Techniques: photometric
    • Techniques: spectroscopic

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