TY - JOUR
T1 - From the 2006 NIDRR SCI measures meeting functional recovery measures for spinal cord injury
T2 - An evidence-based review for clinical practice and research
AU - Anderson, Kim
AU - Aito, Sergio
AU - Atkins, Michal
AU - Biering-Sørensen, Fin
AU - Charlifue, Susan
AU - Curt, Armin
AU - Ditunno, John
AU - Glass, Clive
AU - Marino, Ralph
AU - Marshall, Ruth
AU - Mulcahey, Mary Jane
AU - Post, Marcel
AU - Savic, Gordana
AU - Scivoletto, Giorgio
AU - Catz, Amiram
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - Background/Objective: The end goal of clinical care and clinical research involving spinal cord injury (SCI) is to improve the overall ability of persons living with SCI to function on a daily basis. Neurologic recovery does not always translate into functional recovery. Thus, sensitive outcome measures designed to assess functional status relevant to SCI are important to develop. Method: Evaluation of currently available SCI functional outcome measures by a multinational work group. Results: The 4 measures that fit the prespecified inclusion criteria were the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Quadriplegia Index of Function (QIF), and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM). The MBI and the QIF were found to have minimal evidence for validity, whereas the FIM and the SCIM were found to be reliable and valid. The MBI has little clinical utility for use in the SCI population. Likewise, the FIM applies mainly when measuring burden of care, which is not necessarily a reflection of functional recovery. The QIF is useful for measuring functional recovery but only in a subpopulation of people with SCI, and substantial validity data are still required. The SCIM is the only functional recovery outcome measure designed specifically for SCI. Conclusions: The multinational work group recommends that the latest version of the SCIM (SCIM III) continue to be refined and validated and subsequently implemented worldwide as the primary functional recovery outcome measure for SCI. The QIF may continue to be developed and validated for use as a supplemental tool for the nonambulatory tetraplegic population.
AB - Background/Objective: The end goal of clinical care and clinical research involving spinal cord injury (SCI) is to improve the overall ability of persons living with SCI to function on a daily basis. Neurologic recovery does not always translate into functional recovery. Thus, sensitive outcome measures designed to assess functional status relevant to SCI are important to develop. Method: Evaluation of currently available SCI functional outcome measures by a multinational work group. Results: The 4 measures that fit the prespecified inclusion criteria were the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Quadriplegia Index of Function (QIF), and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM). The MBI and the QIF were found to have minimal evidence for validity, whereas the FIM and the SCIM were found to be reliable and valid. The MBI has little clinical utility for use in the SCI population. Likewise, the FIM applies mainly when measuring burden of care, which is not necessarily a reflection of functional recovery. The QIF is useful for measuring functional recovery but only in a subpopulation of people with SCI, and substantial validity data are still required. The SCIM is the only functional recovery outcome measure designed specifically for SCI. Conclusions: The multinational work group recommends that the latest version of the SCIM (SCIM III) continue to be refined and validated and subsequently implemented worldwide as the primary functional recovery outcome measure for SCI. The QIF may continue to be developed and validated for use as a supplemental tool for the nonambulatory tetraplegic population.
KW - ASIA impairment scale
KW - Functional independence measure
KW - Modified barthel index
KW - Outcome measures
KW - Paraplegia
KW - Quadriplegia index of function
KW - Recovery of function
KW - Reliability
KW - Spinal cord independence measure
KW - Spinal cord injuries
KW - Tetraplegia
KW - Validity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=46749097244&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/10790268.2008.11760704
DO - 10.1080/10790268.2008.11760704
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C2 - 18581660
AN - SCOPUS:46749097244
SN - 1079-0268
VL - 31
SP - 133
EP - 144
JO - Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
JF - Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
IS - 2
ER -