TY - JOUR
T1 - Five essential elements of immediate and mid-term mass trauma intervention
T2 - Empirical evidence
AU - Hobfoll, Stevan E.
AU - Watson, Patricia
AU - Bell, Carl C.
AU - Bryant, Richard A.
AU - Brymer, Melissa J.
AU - Friedman, Matthew J.
AU - Friedman, Merle
AU - Gersons, Berthold P.R.
AU - De Jong, Joop T.V.M.
AU - Layne, Christopher M.
AU - Maguen, Shira
AU - Neria, Yuval
AU - Norwood, Ann E.
AU - Pynoos, Robert S.
AU - Reissman, Dori
AU - Ruzek, Josef I.
AU - Shalev, Arieh Y.
AU - Solomon, Zahava
AU - Steinberg, Alan M.
AU - Ursano, Robert J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was made possible in part by the support of the NIMH Traumatic Stress Research Program and by SAMSHA/HHS who supported a meeting wherein the central ideas of this paper were generated and discussed.
PY - 2007/12
Y1 - 2007/12
N2 - Given the devastation caused by disasters and mass violence, it is critical that intervention policy be based on the most updated research findings. However, to date, no evidence-based consensus has been reached supporting a clear set of recommendations for intervention during the immediate and the mid-term post mass trauma phases. Because it is unlikely that there will be evidence in the near or mid-term future from clinical trials that cover the diversity of disaster and mass violence circumstances, we assembled a worldwide panel of experts on the study and treatment of those exposed to disaster and mass violence to extrapolate from related fields of research, and to gain consensus on intervention principles. We identified five empirically supported intervention principles that should be used to guide and inform intervention and prevention efforts at the early to mid-term stages. These are promoting: 1) a sense of safety, 2) calming, 3) a sense of self- and community efficacy, 4) connectedness, and 5) hope.
AB - Given the devastation caused by disasters and mass violence, it is critical that intervention policy be based on the most updated research findings. However, to date, no evidence-based consensus has been reached supporting a clear set of recommendations for intervention during the immediate and the mid-term post mass trauma phases. Because it is unlikely that there will be evidence in the near or mid-term future from clinical trials that cover the diversity of disaster and mass violence circumstances, we assembled a worldwide panel of experts on the study and treatment of those exposed to disaster and mass violence to extrapolate from related fields of research, and to gain consensus on intervention principles. We identified five empirically supported intervention principles that should be used to guide and inform intervention and prevention efforts at the early to mid-term stages. These are promoting: 1) a sense of safety, 2) calming, 3) a sense of self- and community efficacy, 4) connectedness, and 5) hope.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=38149046362&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283
DO - 10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.systematicreview???
C2 - 18181708
AN - SCOPUS:38149046362
SN - 0033-2747
VL - 70
SP - 283
EP - 315
JO - Psychiatry (New York)
JF - Psychiatry (New York)
IS - 4
ER -