First Measurement of Near-Threshold and Subthreshold J/ψ Photoproduction off Nuclei

J. R. Pybus; L. Ehinger; T. Kolar; B. Devkota; P. Sharp; B. Yu; M. M. Dalton; D. Dutta; H. Gao; O. Hen; E. Piasetzky; S. N. Santiesteban; A. Schmidt; A. Somov; H. Szumila-Vance; S. Adhikari; A. Asaturyan; A. Austregesilo; C. Ayerbe Gayoso; J. Barlow; V. V. Berdnikov; H. D. Bhatt; D. Bhetuwal; T. Black; W. J. Briscoe; G. Chung; P. L. Cole; A. Deur; R. Dotel; H. Egiyan; P. Eugenio; C. Fanelli; L. Gan; A. Gasparian; J. Guo; K. Hernandez; D. W. Higinbotham; P. Hurck; I. Jaegle; R. T. Jones; V. Kakoyan; A. Karki; H. Li; W. B. Li; G. R. Linera; V. Lyubovitskij; H. Marukyan; M. D. McCaughan; M. McCracken; K. Mizutani; D. Nguyen; S. Oresic; A. I. Ostrovidov; Z. Papandreou; C. Paudel; K. Peters; J. Ritman; A. Schick; J. Schwiening; A. Smith; S. Somov; I. Strakovsky; K. Suresh; V. V. Tarasov; S. Taylor; T. Xiao; Z. Zhang; X. Zhou

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.201903

First Measurement of Near-Threshold and Subthreshold J/ψ Photoproduction off Nuclei

J. R. Pybus^*
, L. Ehinger
, T. Kolar
, B. Devkota
, P. Sharp
, B. Yu
, M. M. Dalton
, D. Dutta
, H. Gao
, O. Hen
, E. Piasetzky
, S. N. Santiesteban
, A. Schmidt
, A. Somov
, H. Szumila-Vance
, S. Adhikari
, A. Asaturyan
, A. Austregesilo
, C. Ayerbe Gayoso
, J. Barlow

V. V. Berdnikov, H. D. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, T. Black, W. J. Briscoe, G. Chung, P. L. Cole, A. Deur, R. Dotel, H. Egiyan, P. Eugenio, C. Fanelli, L. Gan, A. Gasparian, J. Guo, K. Hernandez, D. W. Higinbotham, P. Hurck, I. Jaegle, R. T. Jones, V. Kakoyan, A. Karki, H. Li, W. B. Li, G. R. Linera, V. Lyubovitskij, H. Marukyan, M. D. McCaughan, M. McCracken, K. Mizutani, D. Nguyen, S. Oresic, A. I. Ostrovidov, Z. Papandreou, C. Paudel, K. Peters, J. Ritman, A. Schick, J. Schwiening, A. Smith, S. Somov, I. Strakovsky, K. Suresh, V. V. Tarasov, S. Taylor, T. Xiao, Z. Zhang, X. Zhou

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mississippi State University
George Washington University
Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
University of New Hampshire
Old Dominion University
Florida State University
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Lamar University
Florida International University
College of William and Mary
North Carolina A&T State University
Carnegie Mellon University
Arizona State University
University of Glasgow
University of Connecticut
A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics
Stony Brook University
Tomsk State University
Washington & Jefferson College
The University of Osaka
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
University of Regina
GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
Ruhr University Bochum
University of Massachusetts
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute
University of North Texas
Wuhan University

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Abstract

We report on the first measurement of J/ψ photoproduction from nuclei in the photon energy range of 7 to 10.8 GeV, extending above and below the photoproduction threshold in the free proton of ∼8.2 GeV. The experiment used a tagged photon beam incident on deuterium, helium, and carbon, and the GlueX detector at Jefferson Lab to measure the semi-inclusive A(γ,e+e-p) reaction with a dilepton invariant mass M(e+e-)∼mJ/ψ=3.1 GeV. The incoherent J/ψ photoproduction cross sections in the measured nuclei are extracted as a function of the incident photon energy, momentum transfer, and proton-reconstructed missing light-cone momentum fraction. Comparisons with theoretical predictions assuming a dipole form factor allow for extracting a gluonic radius for bound protons of «r2»=0.85±0.14 fm. The data also suggest an excess of the measured cross section for subthreshold production and for interactions with high missing light-cone momentum fraction protons. The measured enhancement can be explained by modified gluon structure for high-virtuality bound protons.

Original language	English
Article number	201903
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	134
Issue number	20
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.201903
State	Published - 23 May 2025

Funding

Funders	Funder number
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Israel Science Foundation
Indiana University
U.S. Department of Energy
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Lilly Endowment
United States - Israel Binational Science Foundation
Nuclear Physics	DE-AC05-06OR23177
Office of Science	DE-AC02-05CH11231

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.201903

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Pybus, J. R., Ehinger, L., Kolar, T., Devkota, B., Sharp, P., Yu, B., Dalton, M. M., Dutta, D., Gao, H., Hen, O., Piasetzky, E., Santiesteban, S. N., Schmidt, A., Somov, A., Szumila-Vance, H., Adhikari, S., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Ayerbe Gayoso, C., ... Zhou, X. (2025). First Measurement of Near-Threshold and Subthreshold J/ψ Photoproduction off Nuclei. Physical Review Letters, 134(20), Article 201903. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.201903

@article{eded163c1ac74783ab75268a502d8c0a,

title = "First Measurement of Near-Threshold and Subthreshold J/ψ Photoproduction off Nuclei",

abstract = "We report on the first measurement of J/ψ photoproduction from nuclei in the photon energy range of 7 to 10.8 GeV, extending above and below the photoproduction threshold in the free proton of ∼8.2 GeV. The experiment used a tagged photon beam incident on deuterium, helium, and carbon, and the GlueX detector at Jefferson Lab to measure the semi-inclusive A(γ,e+e-p) reaction with a dilepton invariant mass M(e+e-)∼mJ/ψ=3.1 GeV. The incoherent J/ψ photoproduction cross sections in the measured nuclei are extracted as a function of the incident photon energy, momentum transfer, and proton-reconstructed missing light-cone momentum fraction. Comparisons with theoretical predictions assuming a dipole form factor allow for extracting a gluonic radius for bound protons of «r2»=0.85±0.14 fm. The data also suggest an excess of the measured cross section for subthreshold production and for interactions with high missing light-cone momentum fraction protons. The measured enhancement can be explained by modified gluon structure for high-virtuality bound protons.",

author = "Pybus, \{J. R.\} and L. Ehinger and T. Kolar and B. Devkota and P. Sharp and B. Yu and Dalton, \{M. M.\} and D. Dutta and H. Gao and O. Hen and E. Piasetzky and Santiesteban, \{S. N.\} and A. Schmidt and A. Somov and H. Szumila-Vance and S. Adhikari and A. Asaturyan and A. Austregesilo and \{Ayerbe Gayoso\}, C. and J. Barlow and Berdnikov, \{V. V.\} and Bhatt, \{H. D.\} and D. Bhetuwal and T. Black and Briscoe, \{W. J.\} and G. Chung and Cole, \{P. L.\} and A. Deur and R. Dotel and H. Egiyan and P. Eugenio and C. Fanelli and L. Gan and A. Gasparian and J. Guo and K. Hernandez and Higinbotham, \{D. W.\} and P. Hurck and I. Jaegle and Jones, \{R. T.\} and V. Kakoyan and A. Karki and H. Li and Li, \{W. B.\} and Linera, \{G. R.\} and V. Lyubovitskij and H. Marukyan and McCaughan, \{M. D.\} and M. McCracken and K. Mizutani and D. Nguyen and S. Oresic and Ostrovidov, \{A. I.\} and Z. Papandreou and C. Paudel and K. Peters and J. Ritman and A. Schick and J. Schwiening and A. Smith and S. Somov and I. Strakovsky and K. Suresh and Tarasov, \{V. V.\} and S. Taylor and T. Xiao and Z. Zhang and X. Zhou",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 American Physical Society.",

year = "2025",

month = may,

day = "23",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.201903",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "134",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "20",

}

Pybus, JR, Ehinger, L, Kolar, T, Devkota, B, Sharp, P, Yu, B, Dalton, MM, Dutta, D, Gao, H, Hen, O, Piasetzky, E, Santiesteban, SN, Schmidt, A, Somov, A, Szumila-Vance, H, Adhikari, S, Asaturyan, A, Austregesilo, A, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Barlow, J, Berdnikov, VV, Bhatt, HD, Bhetuwal, D, Black, T, Briscoe, WJ, Chung, G, Cole, PL, Deur, A, Dotel, R, Egiyan, H, Eugenio, P, Fanelli, C, Gan, L, Gasparian, A, Guo, J, Hernandez, K, Higinbotham, DW, Hurck, P, Jaegle, I, Jones, RT, Kakoyan, V, Karki, A, Li, H, Li, WB, Linera, GR, Lyubovitskij, V, Marukyan, H, McCaughan, MD, McCracken, M, Mizutani, K, Nguyen, D, Oresic, S, Ostrovidov, AI, Papandreou, Z, Paudel, C, Peters, K, Ritman, J, Schick, A, Schwiening, J, Smith, A, Somov, S, Strakovsky, I, Suresh, K, Tarasov, VV, Taylor, S, Xiao, T, Zhang, Z & Zhou, X 2025, 'First Measurement of Near-Threshold and Subthreshold J/ψ Photoproduction off Nuclei', Physical Review Letters, vol. 134, no. 20, 201903. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.201903

TY - JOUR

T1 - First Measurement of Near-Threshold and Subthreshold J/ψ Photoproduction off Nuclei

AU - Pybus, J. R.

AU - Ehinger, L.

AU - Kolar, T.

AU - Devkota, B.

AU - Sharp, P.

AU - Yu, B.

AU - Dalton, M. M.

AU - Dutta, D.

AU - Gao, H.

AU - Hen, O.

AU - Piasetzky, E.

AU - Santiesteban, S. N.

AU - Schmidt, A.

AU - Somov, A.

AU - Szumila-Vance, H.

AU - Adhikari, S.

AU - Asaturyan, A.

AU - Austregesilo, A.

AU - Ayerbe Gayoso, C.

AU - Barlow, J.

AU - Berdnikov, V. V.

AU - Bhatt, H. D.

AU - Bhetuwal, D.

AU - Black, T.

AU - Briscoe, W. J.

AU - Chung, G.

AU - Cole, P. L.

AU - Deur, A.

AU - Dotel, R.

AU - Egiyan, H.

AU - Eugenio, P.

AU - Fanelli, C.

AU - Gan, L.

AU - Gasparian, A.

AU - Guo, J.

AU - Hernandez, K.

AU - Higinbotham, D. W.

AU - Hurck, P.

AU - Jaegle, I.

AU - Jones, R. T.

AU - Kakoyan, V.

AU - Karki, A.

AU - Li, H.

AU - Li, W. B.

AU - Linera, G. R.

AU - Lyubovitskij, V.

AU - Marukyan, H.

AU - McCaughan, M. D.

AU - McCracken, M.

AU - Mizutani, K.

AU - Nguyen, D.

AU - Oresic, S.

AU - Ostrovidov, A. I.

AU - Papandreou, Z.

AU - Paudel, C.

AU - Peters, K.

AU - Ritman, J.

AU - Schick, A.

AU - Schwiening, J.

AU - Smith, A.

AU - Somov, S.

AU - Strakovsky, I.

AU - Suresh, K.

AU - Tarasov, V. V.

AU - Taylor, S.

AU - Xiao, T.

AU - Zhang, Z.

AU - Zhou, X.

PY - 2025/5/23

Y1 - 2025/5/23

N2 - We report on the first measurement of J/ψ photoproduction from nuclei in the photon energy range of 7 to 10.8 GeV, extending above and below the photoproduction threshold in the free proton of ∼8.2 GeV. The experiment used a tagged photon beam incident on deuterium, helium, and carbon, and the GlueX detector at Jefferson Lab to measure the semi-inclusive A(γ,e+e-p) reaction with a dilepton invariant mass M(e+e-)∼mJ/ψ=3.1 GeV. The incoherent J/ψ photoproduction cross sections in the measured nuclei are extracted as a function of the incident photon energy, momentum transfer, and proton-reconstructed missing light-cone momentum fraction. Comparisons with theoretical predictions assuming a dipole form factor allow for extracting a gluonic radius for bound protons of «r2»=0.85±0.14 fm. The data also suggest an excess of the measured cross section for subthreshold production and for interactions with high missing light-cone momentum fraction protons. The measured enhancement can be explained by modified gluon structure for high-virtuality bound protons.

AB - We report on the first measurement of J/ψ photoproduction from nuclei in the photon energy range of 7 to 10.8 GeV, extending above and below the photoproduction threshold in the free proton of ∼8.2 GeV. The experiment used a tagged photon beam incident on deuterium, helium, and carbon, and the GlueX detector at Jefferson Lab to measure the semi-inclusive A(γ,e+e-p) reaction with a dilepton invariant mass M(e+e-)∼mJ/ψ=3.1 GeV. The incoherent J/ψ photoproduction cross sections in the measured nuclei are extracted as a function of the incident photon energy, momentum transfer, and proton-reconstructed missing light-cone momentum fraction. Comparisons with theoretical predictions assuming a dipole form factor allow for extracting a gluonic radius for bound protons of «r2»=0.85±0.14 fm. The data also suggest an excess of the measured cross section for subthreshold production and for interactions with high missing light-cone momentum fraction protons. The measured enhancement can be explained by modified gluon structure for high-virtuality bound protons.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005827528

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.201903

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.201903

M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???

C2 - 40479695

AN - SCOPUS:105005827528

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 134

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 20

M1 - 201903

ER -

First Measurement of Near-Threshold and Subthreshold J/ψ Photoproduction off Nuclei

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