First Ionization Potentials of Fm, Md, No, and Lr: Verification of Filling-Up of 5f Electrons and Confirmation of the Actinide Series

Tetsuya K. Sato; Masato Asai; Anastasia Borschevsky; Randolf Beerwerth; Yusuke Kaneya; Hiroyuki Makii; Akina Mitsukai; Yuichiro Nagame; Akihiko Osa; Atsushi Toyoshima; Kazuaki Tsukada; Minoru Sakama; Shinsaku Takeda; Kazuhiro Ooe; Daisuke Sato; Yudai Shigekawa; Shin Ichi Ichikawa; Christoph E. Düllmann; Jessica Grund; Dennis Renisch; Jens V. Kratz; Matthias Schädel; Ephraim Eliav; Uzi Kaldor; Stephan Fritzsche; Thierry Stora

doi:10.1021/jacs.8b09068

First Ionization Potentials of Fm, Md, No, and Lr: Verification of Filling-Up of 5f Electrons and Confirmation of the Actinide Series

Tetsuya K. Sato^*, Masato Asai, Anastasia Borschevsky, Randolf Beerwerth, Yusuke Kaneya, Hiroyuki Makii, Akina Mitsukai, Yuichiro Nagame, Akihiko Osa, Atsushi Toyoshima, Kazuaki Tsukada, Minoru Sakama, Shinsaku Takeda, Kazuhiro Ooe, Daisuke Sato, Yudai Shigekawa, Shin Ichi Ichikawa, Christoph E. Düllmann, Jessica Grund, Dennis RenischJens V. Kratz, Matthias Schädel, Ephraim Eliav, Uzi Kaldor, Stephan Fritzsche, Thierry Stora

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Chemistry

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Abstract

We report the first ionization potentials (IP₁) of the heavy actinides, fermium (Fm, atomic number Z = 100), mendelevium (Md, Z = 101), nobelium (No, Z = 102), and lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103), determined using a method based on a surface ionization process coupled to an online mass separation technique in an atom-at-a-time regime. The measured IP₁ values agree well with those predicted by state-of-the-art relativistic calculations performed alongside the present measurements. Similar to the well-established behavior for the lanthanides, the IP₁ values of the heavy actinides up to No increase with filling up the 5f orbital, while that of Lr is the lowest among the actinides. These results clearly demonstrate that the 5f orbital is fully filled at No with the [Rn]5f¹⁴7s² configuration and that Lr has a weakly bound electron outside the No core. In analogy to the lanthanide series, the present results unequivocally verify that the actinide series ends with Lr.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	14609-14613
Number of pages	5
Journal	Journal of the American Chemical Society
Volume	140
Issue number	44
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b09068
State	Published - 7 Nov 2018

Funding

Funders	Funder number
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science	15KK0175, 16H02130
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

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10.1021/jacs.8b09068

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Sato, T. K., Asai, M., Borschevsky, A., Beerwerth, R., Kaneya, Y., Makii, H., Mitsukai, A., Nagame, Y., Osa, A., Toyoshima, A., Tsukada, K., Sakama, M., Takeda, S., Ooe, K., Sato, D., Shigekawa, Y., Ichikawa, S. I., Düllmann, C. E., Grund, J., ... Stora, T. (2018). First Ionization Potentials of Fm, Md, No, and Lr: Verification of Filling-Up of 5f Electrons and Confirmation of the Actinide Series. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(44), 14609-14613. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b09068

@article{8944581fe29546d88c7bdbe9d2f9d9e6,

title = "First Ionization Potentials of Fm, Md, No, and Lr: Verification of Filling-Up of 5f Electrons and Confirmation of the Actinide Series",

abstract = "We report the first ionization potentials (IP1) of the heavy actinides, fermium (Fm, atomic number Z = 100), mendelevium (Md, Z = 101), nobelium (No, Z = 102), and lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103), determined using a method based on a surface ionization process coupled to an online mass separation technique in an atom-at-a-time regime. The measured IP1 values agree well with those predicted by state-of-the-art relativistic calculations performed alongside the present measurements. Similar to the well-established behavior for the lanthanides, the IP1 values of the heavy actinides up to No increase with filling up the 5f orbital, while that of Lr is the lowest among the actinides. These results clearly demonstrate that the 5f orbital is fully filled at No with the [Rn]5f147s2 configuration and that Lr has a weakly bound electron outside the No core. In analogy to the lanthanide series, the present results unequivocally verify that the actinide series ends with Lr.",

author = "Sato, {Tetsuya K.} and Masato Asai and Anastasia Borschevsky and Randolf Beerwerth and Yusuke Kaneya and Hiroyuki Makii and Akina Mitsukai and Yuichiro Nagame and Akihiko Osa and Atsushi Toyoshima and Kazuaki Tsukada and Minoru Sakama and Shinsaku Takeda and Kazuhiro Ooe and Daisuke Sato and Yudai Shigekawa and Ichikawa, {Shin Ichi} and D{\"u}llmann, {Christoph E.} and Jessica Grund and Dennis Renisch and Kratz, {Jens V.} and Matthias Sch{\"a}del and Ephraim Eliav and Uzi Kaldor and Stephan Fritzsche and Thierry Stora",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Chemical Society.",

year = "2018",

month = nov,

day = "7",

doi = "10.1021/jacs.8b09068",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "140",

pages = "14609--14613",

journal = "Journal of the American Chemical Society",

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Sato, TK, Asai, M, Borschevsky, A, Beerwerth, R, Kaneya, Y, Makii, H, Mitsukai, A, Nagame, Y, Osa, A, Toyoshima, A, Tsukada, K, Sakama, M, Takeda, S, Ooe, K, Sato, D, Shigekawa, Y, Ichikawa, SI, Düllmann, CE, Grund, J, Renisch, D, Kratz, JV, Schädel, M, Eliav, E , Kaldor, U, Fritzsche, S & Stora, T 2018, 'First Ionization Potentials of Fm, Md, No, and Lr: Verification of Filling-Up of 5f Electrons and Confirmation of the Actinide Series', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 140, no. 44, pp. 14609-14613. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b09068

TY - JOUR

T1 - First Ionization Potentials of Fm, Md, No, and Lr

T2 - Verification of Filling-Up of 5f Electrons and Confirmation of the Actinide Series

AU - Sato, Tetsuya K.

AU - Asai, Masato

AU - Borschevsky, Anastasia

AU - Beerwerth, Randolf

AU - Kaneya, Yusuke

AU - Makii, Hiroyuki

AU - Mitsukai, Akina

AU - Nagame, Yuichiro

AU - Osa, Akihiko

AU - Toyoshima, Atsushi

AU - Tsukada, Kazuaki

AU - Sakama, Minoru

AU - Takeda, Shinsaku

AU - Ooe, Kazuhiro

AU - Sato, Daisuke

AU - Shigekawa, Yudai

AU - Ichikawa, Shin Ichi

AU - Düllmann, Christoph E.

AU - Grund, Jessica

AU - Renisch, Dennis

AU - Kratz, Jens V.

AU - Schädel, Matthias

AU - Eliav, Ephraim

AU - Kaldor, Uzi

AU - Fritzsche, Stephan

AU - Stora, Thierry

PY - 2018/11/7

Y1 - 2018/11/7

N2 - We report the first ionization potentials (IP1) of the heavy actinides, fermium (Fm, atomic number Z = 100), mendelevium (Md, Z = 101), nobelium (No, Z = 102), and lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103), determined using a method based on a surface ionization process coupled to an online mass separation technique in an atom-at-a-time regime. The measured IP1 values agree well with those predicted by state-of-the-art relativistic calculations performed alongside the present measurements. Similar to the well-established behavior for the lanthanides, the IP1 values of the heavy actinides up to No increase with filling up the 5f orbital, while that of Lr is the lowest among the actinides. These results clearly demonstrate that the 5f orbital is fully filled at No with the [Rn]5f147s2 configuration and that Lr has a weakly bound electron outside the No core. In analogy to the lanthanide series, the present results unequivocally verify that the actinide series ends with Lr.

AB - We report the first ionization potentials (IP1) of the heavy actinides, fermium (Fm, atomic number Z = 100), mendelevium (Md, Z = 101), nobelium (No, Z = 102), and lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103), determined using a method based on a surface ionization process coupled to an online mass separation technique in an atom-at-a-time regime. The measured IP1 values agree well with those predicted by state-of-the-art relativistic calculations performed alongside the present measurements. Similar to the well-established behavior for the lanthanides, the IP1 values of the heavy actinides up to No increase with filling up the 5f orbital, while that of Lr is the lowest among the actinides. These results clearly demonstrate that the 5f orbital is fully filled at No with the [Rn]5f147s2 configuration and that Lr has a weakly bound electron outside the No core. In analogy to the lanthanide series, the present results unequivocally verify that the actinide series ends with Lr.

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U2 - 10.1021/jacs.8b09068

DO - 10.1021/jacs.8b09068

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C2 - 30358998

AN - SCOPUS:85055895935

SN - 0002-7863

VL - 140

SP - 14609

EP - 14613

JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society

JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society

IS - 44

ER -

First Ionization Potentials of Fm, Md, No, and Lr: Verification of Filling-Up of 5f Electrons and Confirmation of the Actinide Series

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