Falls risk in relation to activity exposure in high-risk older adults

Silvia Del Din, Brook Galna, Sue Lord, Alice Nieuwboer, Esther M.J. Bekkers, Elisa Pelosin, Laura Avanzino, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Marcel G.M.Olde Rikkert, Freek Nieuwhof, Andrea Cereatti, Ugo Della Croce, Anat Mirelman, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Lynn Rochester*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

46 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Physical activity is linked to many positive health outcomes, stimulating the development of exercise programs. However, many falls occur while walking and so promoting activity might paradoxically increase fall rates, causing injuries, and worse quality of life. The relationship between activity exposure and fall rates remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between walking activity (exposure to risk) and fall rates before and after an exercise program (V-TIME). Methods: One hundred and nine older fallers, 38 fallers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 128 fallers with Parkinson's disease (PD) were randomly assigned to one of two active interventions: treadmill training only or treadmill training combined with a virtual reality component. Participants were tested before and after the interventions. Free-living walking activity was characterized by volume, pattern, and variability of ambulatory bouts using an accelerometer positioned on the lower back for 1 week. To evaluate that relationship between fall risk and activity, a normalized index was determined expressing fall rates relative to activity exposure (FRA index), with higher scores indicating a higher risk of falls per steps taken. Results: At baseline, the FRA index was higher for fallers with PD compared to those with MCI and older fallers. Walking activity did not change after the intervention for the groups but the FRA index decreased significantly for all groups (p = .035). Conclusions: This work showed that V-TIME interventions reduced falls risk without concurrent change in walking activity. We recommend using the FRA index in future fall prevention studies to better understand the nature of intervention programs.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1198-1205
Number of pages8
JournalJournals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Volume75
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 22 May 2020

Funding

FundersFunder number
BRU
NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
Newcastle Biomedical Research Unit
Parkinson’s Foundation
Stichting Parkinson Fonds
Verily Life Sciences, Horizon 2020, the Topsector Life Sciences and Health
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
Cancer Research Foundation
AbbVie
Seventh Framework ProgrammeFP7 - 278169
Seventh Framework Programme
UCB UK
Newcastle University
Hersenstichting

    Keywords

    • Exercise
    • Falls
    • Parkinsons
    • Physical activity
    • Wearable Technology

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