External Effects on Research Endeavors: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Examination

A resource dependence perspective is used to conceptualize and to investigate the consequences of externalfunding on scientific enterprise. We argue that the participation of scientists in collegial activities is constrained by resource relations and the resulting dependence of scientists on nonscientists. Constraining factors include secrecy regulations, nonscientists' lack of concern for scientific standards, and the diminished research time available to scientists. Researchers endeavor to protect their autonomy and reduce the dependence by establishing alternative sources offunds. The empirical analysis of the theory is based on a study conducted in Israel. Our theoretical expectations are confirmed for researchers operating in academic settings. They are not fully supported for non-academic research settings. The significance and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.