Excimer laser-induced vasoreactivity

M. Mosseri, J. G. Pickering, S. Chokshi, D. Gal, J. M. Isner*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Earlier generations of excimer lasers, designed for industrial or non-cardiovascular medical applications, have been previously shown consistently to induce vasorelaxation of vascular smooth muscle in vitro. Such lasers were typically characterized by pulse durations of ≤75 nanoseconds (ns). Excimer lasers currently employed for cardiovascular applications were designed with longer pulse durations (up to 220 ns) to facilitate fibreoptic transmission. Because arterial spasm has been observed in patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization with such lasers, we investigated the effect of so-called 'stretched pulse' excimer laser irradiation on vasomotor reactivity. A total of 69 rings of aorta harvested from New Zealand white rabbits were mounted isometrically in Krebs buffer solution and exposed to 308 nm from an excimer laser with a pulse duration of 120 ns. Fifty rings were exposed without pharmacological pre-treatment. The remaining 19 rings were exposed after pharmacological pre-treatment: 11 were pre-contracted with norepinephrine (NE, 10-9-10-5 M), while eight were irradiated in Ca2+-free buffer after pre-relaxation with nitroglycerin (NTG, 7 × 10-5 M). Without pharmacological pre-treatment, the vasomotor response to the excimer laser was variable: vasoconstriction was observed in 27 rings (16.1 ± 0.8% (mean ± SEM) of response to 5-HT), vasorelaxation in 21 rings (43.2 ± 17.0% of response to 5-HT), and a heterogeneous response (vasoconstriction 4.9 ± 1.0%, vasorelaxation 12.9 ± 0.3%) in two rings. The vector of vasomotor response in non-precontracted rings was not predicted by fluence, frequency or temperature rise. A consistent vasomotor response was recorded only when pharmacological pre-treatment was employed. Among 11 rings pre-contracted with NE, the excimer laser produced vasorelaxation in 34/34 (100%) exposures; in contrast, among eight rings pre-relaxed with NTG in Ca2+-free buffer, the excimer laser produced vasoconstriction in 40/40 (100%) exposures. For all rings, including pre-contracted, pre-relaxed and those which were not pharmacologically pre-treated, the vector of vasomotor response was endothelium-independent. The magnitude of all vasomotor responses, including vasoconstriction in non-precontracted rings, could be diminished by limiting the duration of exposure. Thus, in contrast to the earlier generation, short-pulse excimer lasers, long pulse-duration excimer lasers in current clinical trials produce an unpredictable, heterogeneous vasomotor response. This in-vitro finding is consistent with the unpredictable development of vascular spasm in patients undergoing excimer lasier angioplasty. Furthermore, these findings support the concept of employing abridged pulse trains to diminish the likelihood of laser-induced vasoconstriction during excimer laser angioplasty. Finally, these observations suggest that the concept of using excimer laser radiation to reverse spasm encountered during attempts to ablate plaque may be problematic.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1394-1403
Number of pages10
JournalEuropean Heart Journal
Volume14
Issue number10
StatePublished - 1993
Externally publishedYes

Funding

FundersFunder number
National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteK07HL002824
National Heart and Lung Institute
Medical Research Council Canada

    Keywords

    • Angioplasty
    • Laser
    • Pulse duration
    • Spasm

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