Eosinophilic Pleocytosis in the Cerebrospinal Fluid following CAR-T Cell Therapy for Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Case for Warning?

Mayasa Abu Ata, Israel Henig, Dana Yehudai-Ofir, Inna Tzoran, Shimrit Ringelstein-Harlev, Tsofia Inbar, Ilana Slouzkey, Michal Karmona Fintuch, Anat Stern, Olesya Stanevsky, Michal Weiler-Sagie, Yaniv Zohar, Ido Livneh, Goni Merhav, Ayelet Eran, Tsila Zuckerman, Ofrat Beyar Katz*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, emerging as an efficient treatment option for patients with secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, is frequently complicated with immune effector cellassociated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Case Presentation: We report a case of a 64-year-old woman with transformed follicular lymphoma, developing highgrade ICANS with eosinophilic pleocytosis following thirdline therapy with CAR-T cells (tisagenlecleucel). During bridging therapy, she declined neurologically and was diagnosed with secondary CNS lymphoma. She received methotrexate-cytarabine-thiotepa-rituximab regimen with clinical and radiological improvement. Post-CAR-T cell infusion she developed cytokine release syndrome grade II and ICANS grade III. Given the lack of response to steroids, anakinra was initiated with complete ICANS resolution. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, performed only on day +10 due to thrombocytopenia, revealed eosinophils, while infections were excluded. Conclusion: This report emphasizes the importance of CSF analysis in individuals with CART-related neurotoxicity for elucidating the role of specific immune cells in such complications.

Original languageEnglish
JournalActa Haematologica
DOIs
StateAccepted/In press - 2024
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Central nervous system lymphoma
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  • Eosinophilic pleocytosis
  • Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome

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