Enhancement of mannose-mediated stimulation of human granulocytes by type 1 fimbriae aggregated with antibodies on Escherichia coli surfaces

In the present study, we assayed protein iodination in human granulocytes after interaction of the cells with mannose-specific (MS) type 1 fimbriated (MS⁺) and nonfimbriated (MS^-) phenotypes of Escherichia coli pretreated with various amounts of anti-E. coli and antifimbrial antibodies. The MS⁺ phenotype stimulated protein iodination in granulocytes and possessed potent MS activity as measured by yeast aggregometry. In contrast, the MS^- phenotype lacked all these activities. MS⁺ pretreated with moderate concentrations of antibodies, however, showed up to a 15-fold increase in granulocyte stimulation as compared to granulocyte stimulation induced by the non-antibody-treated MS⁺ phenotype or by the antibody-treated MS^- phenotype. This marked antibody-mediated increase in stimulation of granulocytes was (i) dependent on the antibody concentrations, (ii) markedly reduced by methyl-α-D-mannoside, (iii) caused by immunoglobulin G as well as by F(ab')₂, (iv) caused only by antifimbrial antibodies, (v) associated with cross-linked fimbriae seen as 'bundles' under an electron microscope, and (vi) mimicked by treating MS⁺ bacteria with a certain range of glutaraldehyde. The data taken together support the hypothesis that, although cross-linking of fimbriae reduced the density of functional MS fimbriae over the surface of antibody-treated bacteria and consequently reduced the ability of these organisms to agglutinate yeast cells, the resulting bundles of MS fimbriae were far more effective at stimulating granulocytes because, bound together, they were better equipped to aggregate the mannose-containing receptors on the granulocyte surface.