Efficacy of allicin, the reactive molecule of garlic, in inhibiting Aspergillus spp. in vitro, and in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis

Objectives: The evaluation of allicin, the biologically active compound responsible for the antimicrobial activities of freshly crushed garlic cloves, in inhibiting Aspergillus spp. in vitro and in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis. Methods: Pure allicin was prepared by reacting synthetic alliin with a stabilized preparation of the garlic enzyme alliinase. We tested the in vitro efficacy of pure allicin against 31 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. using a microdilution broth method and following the NCCLS guidelines (document M-38P). Subsequently, the in vivo efficacy of allicin was tested in immunocompetent mice infected intravenously (iv) with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Allicin (5 mg/kg body weight) was administered iv once daily for 5 days post-infection or orally (po) (9 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days pre-infection and 10 days post-infection. No ill effects were observed in allicin-treated uninfected mice. Results: The in vitro MICs and MFCs of allicin were between 8 and 32 mg/L, indicating that allicin in its pure form may be an effective fungicide in vitro. Time-kill studies indicate that allicin exerts its fungicidal activity within 2-12 h of administration in vitro. Allicin treatment significantly prolonged survival of infected mice (P < 0.01) from mean survival time (MST) = 7.7 days in untreated mice to MST = 21.3 and 13.9 days for allicin iv and po treated mice, respectively. Allicin iv treatment led to a significant (P < 0.001) 10-fold reduction in fungal burden in A. fumigatus infected mice as evaluated by quantitative fungal cultures of kidney tissue samples. Conclusions: These favourable results, despite the short half-life of this compound in vivo, support further studies of controlled sustained release or more prolonged administration of allicin as a treatment for aspergillosis.