Disulfide bond exchanges in integrins αiIbβ3 and αvβ3 are required for activation and post-ligation signaling during clot retraction

Background Integrin αIIbβ3 mediates platelet adhesion, aggregation and fibrin clot retraction. These processes require activation of αIIbβ3 and post-ligation signaling. Disulfide bond exchanges are involved in αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 activation. Methods In order to investigate the role of integrin activation and disulfide bond exchange during αIIbβ3- and αvβ3-mediated clot retraction, we co-expressed in baby hamster kidney cells wild-type (WT) human αIIb and WT or mutated human β3 that contain single or double cysteine substitutions disrupting C523-C544 or C560-C583 bonds. Flow cytometry was used to measure surface expression and activation state of the integrins. Time-course of fibrin clot retraction was examined. Results Cells expressed WT or mutated human αIIbβ3 as well as chimeric hamster/human αvβ3. The αIIbβ3 mutants were constitutively active and the thiol blocker dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) did not affect their activation state. WT cells retracted the clot and addition of αvβ3 inhibitors decreased the retraction rate. The active mutants and WT cells activated by anti-LIBS6 antibody retracted the clot faster than untreated WT cells, particularly in the presence of αvβ3 inhibitor. DTNB substantially inhibited clot retraction by WT or double C523S/C544S mutant expressing cells, but minimally affected single C523S, C544S or C560S mutants. Anti-LIBS6-enhanced clot retraction was significantly inhibited by DTNB when added prior to anti-LIBS6. Conclusions Both αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 contribute to clot retraction without prior activation of the integrins. Activation of αIIbβ3, but not of αvβ3 enhances clot retraction. Both αIIbβ3 activation and post-ligation signaling during clot retraction require disulfide bond exchange.