[Diagnosis and treatment of supernumerary teeth in the premaxillary region: a literature review].

Supernumerary teeth are more frequently located in the premaxillary region. Mesiodentes are the most common supernumerary teeth, occurring in 0.15% to 1.9% of the population. Supernumerary teeth are frequently diagnosed in a random radiograph, or after clinical symptoms appear. The majority of the complications consist of delayed or ectopic eruption of the permanent incisors. It is important for the clinician to be aware of the phenomenon and its implications, in order to diagnose it as early as possible. Extraction of the supernumerary teeth in the late mixed dentition, will minimize the chances of damaging the adjacent permanent teeth, but will reduce the possibility of spontaneous eruption of an impacted permanent incisor. Extraction in the early mixed dentition can expedite the eruption of the permanent incisor, although it may involve sedation or general anesthesia, due to lack of cooperation in the young patient. Because to the risk of uneruption of the permanent impacted incisor, exposure of the teeth and bonding a ligature or bracket at the same procedure, and providing a possibility for the dentist to make the incisor erupt after the first operation, should the incisor not erupt spontaneously. Treating these cases require the cooperation of pediatric dentist, orthodontic and dental surgeon, and sometimes the involvement of an anesthesiologist.